Biomarkers of Chlorpyrifos Exposure and Effect in Egyptian Cotton Field Workers

Details

• Personal Author:
  Anger WK ; Bonner MR ; Crane AL ; Ellison CA ; Farahat FM ; Fenske RA ; Lasarev MR ; Lein PJ ; McGarrigle BP ; Olson JR ; Rohlman DS
• Description:
  Background: Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphorus pesticide (OP), is metabolized to CPF-oxon, a potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, and trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy). Urinary TCPy is often used as a biomarker for CPF exposure, whereas blood ChE activity is considered an indicator of CPF toxicity. However, whether these biomarkers are dose related has not been studied extensively in populations with repeated daily OP exposures. Objective: We sought to determine the relationship between blood ChE and urinary TCPy during repeated occupational exposures to CPF. Methods: Daily urine samples and weekly blood samples were collected from pesticide workers (n = 38) in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt, before, during, and after 9-17 consecutive days of CPF application to cotton fields. We compared blood butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities with the respective urinary TCPy concentrations in each worker. Results: Average TCPy levels during the middle of a 1- to 2-week CPF application period were significantly higher in pesticide applicators (6,437 ug/g creatinine) than in technicians (184 ug/g) and engineers (157 ug/g), both of whom are involved in supervising the application process. We observed a statistically significant inverse correlation between urinary TCPy and blood BuChE and AChE activities. The no-effect level (or inflection point) of the exposure-effect relationships has an average urinary TCPy level of 114 ug/g creatinine for BuChE and 3,161 ug/g creatinine for AChE. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a dose-effect relationship between urinary TCPy and both plasma BuChE and red blood cell AChE in humans exposed occupationally to CPF. These findings will contribute to future risk assessment efforts for CPF exposure. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Insecticides Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Organophosphates Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase Biological Effects Butyrylcholinesterase Chlorpyrifos Cholinesterase Inhibition Occupational Exposure Organophosphorus Pesticides Urinary TCPy
• ISSN:
  0091-6765
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; New York ; Oregon ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 9 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  119
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20054705
• Citation:
  Environ Health Perspect 2011 Jun; 119(6):801-806
• Contact Point Address:
  J.R. Olson, University at Buffalo, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 3435 Main St., 102 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
• Email:
  jolson@buffalo.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (CAS RN 6515-38-4) ; Chlorpyrifos (CAS RN 2921-88-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2011
• Performing Organization:
  University of Washington
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Health Perspectives
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e5616e01fde5787215907ab26fdb0995f59139fc7be5518cca8cc2027b5498e938986e90a1724464e8e83b6ff9e6d1d854067a4f5a831f6a1b2ee94433edd2d4
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/217155/cdc_217155_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 347.95 KB ]