Comparison of Thermal Runaway Pressures Within Sealed Enclosures for Nickel Manganese Cobalt and Iron Phosphate Cathode Lithium-Ion Cells

Details

• Personal Author:
  Barone TL ; Brown CB ; Dubaniewicz, Thomas H. Jr. ; Thomas RA
• Description:
  Mining vehicle manufacturers are developing lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery electric vehicles as an alternative to diesel-powered vehicles. In gassy underground mines, explosion-proof (XP) enclosures are commonly used to enclose electrical ignition sources to prevent propagation of an internal methane-air explosion to a surrounding explosive atmosphere. Li-ion batteries can create pressurized explosions within sealed enclosures due to thermal runaway (TR). NIOSH researchers measured TR pressures of nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cathode type 18650 Li-ion cells, model MH1, as a function of free space within sealed enclosures and observed an inverse power relationship. TR pressure-rise rates, gas quantities, and temperatures were also measured. A confined NMC cell with 92.5 mL of free space produced 232 bar of pressure, far exceeding minimum pressure containment specifications for conventional XP enclosures. Approximately 287 times the cell volume of free space would be needed to reduce the TR pressure of these cells to 8.62 barg (125 psig) per U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 30, Part 18. The NMC cell TR pressures were significantly higher than those measured previously for iron phosphate cathode Li-ion cells under comparable confinement conditions. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Mining Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Lithium-ion Battery Thermal Runaway Batteries Explosion-proof Enclosures Explosion Protection Explosion Venting Flame-proof Enclosures Ignition Sources Lithium Mine Gases Pressure Testing Thermal Properties Underground Mines Vented Explosions

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• Series:
  Mining Publications
• ISSN:
  0950-4230
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; Pennsylvania
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  PMRD - Pittsburgh Mining Research Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  76
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20064601
• Citation:
  J Loss Prev Process Ind 2022 May; 76:104739
• Contact Point Address:
  Thomas H. Dubaniewicz, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, United States
• Email:
  tcd5@cdc.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• NORA Priority Area:
  Mining
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:ff523103460f54a1b054adc7bc073586b130dc619183ce1175c283bba58dd90acd9c7aa7e97c99190d8cbe7caf3a9d0524e3bb24e5ae4f3e2038dd5eba82f4e1
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/215523/cdc_215523_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 4.57 MB ]