Glial Reactivity in Response to Neurotoxins: Relevance and Methods

Details

• Personal Author:
  Michalovicz LT ; O'Callaghan JP
• Description:
  Microglia and astrocytes become activated in response to diverse toxic exposures, regardless of the cellular or molecular targets affected; biomarkers of these responses, therefore, can be used to detect and localize damage to any area of the CNS. A variety of cellular and molecular markers of reactive microglia and astrocytes have been implemented to reveal all types of neural injuries, including those caused by chemical insults of the CNS. Recent advances in approaches to evaluate the cell-specific transcriptome in the CNS allow for an expansion of the existing repertoire of glial activation biomarkers. Here, we show how the approach we used to validate assays of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a biomarker of astrogliosis can be extended to a cell signaling-based assay via phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We also introduce new methods to assess cell type-specific gene expression, glial-specific pharmacological inhibition, and genetic manipulation that can be used to evaluate glial reactivity, with the overall goal of defining the microglial and astroglial activation phenotype that results from exposures to broad classes of neurotoxicants. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Environmental Exposure Enzymes Genetics Hazardous Substances Nervous System Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Astrocytes Cell Function Cellular Function ELISA Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Exposure Levels Gene Expression Genes Hypertrophy Microglia Neuroinflammation Neurotoxins Protein Expression Proteins Risk Factors Toxins

  More +
• ISBN:
  9781493992270
• ISSN:
  0893-2336
• Publisher:
  Humana Press
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  51-67
• Volume:
  145
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20055940
• Citation:
  Cell culture techniques, neuromethods, second edition. Aschner M, Costa L, eds. New York: Humana Press, 2019 May; 145:51-67
• Contact Point Address:
  Michalovicz, L.T.; Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV
• Email:
  yqp4@cdc.gov
• Editor(s):
  Aschner M; Costa L
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2019
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Cell culture techniques, neuromethods, second edition
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:3ad738894108b1e3f8be8b664e97468b2828260f488ed3fc0d13f0f8f0d886220590c9f9c3a8376315684ff01da5787d985d7a46f29c5ded3ffe52c4faab1c58
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/213688/cdc_213688_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 525.76 KB ]