Information profiles on potential occupational hazards: nitroparaffins

Details

• Description:
  Profiles of information were presented for the following nitroparaffins chosen because of their commercial importance: nitroethane (79243), nitromethane (75525), 1-nitropropane (108032), 2-nitropropane (79469), tetranitromethane (509148), and trinitromethane (517259). Oral and inhalation toxicities and the degree of histological damage increase with increasing molecular weight of the compounds. The primary effects included histological liver damage and central nervous system depression, both atactic and narcotic changes, regardless of the route of administration or the duration of exposure. Vapor exposures also caused respiratory tract and conjunctival irritation and pulmonary edema. 1-Nitropropane, 2- nitropropane, tetranitromethane, and trinitromethane have been shown to be methemoglobinic poisons in animals. The development of precancerous lesions in the liver and hepatocellular cancer in rats have followed chronic inhalation exposure to 2-nitropropane. 2- Nitropropane gave a positive mutagenicity test result using the Ames Salmonella assay. Negative results were obtained for limited Salmonella and micronucleus testing of the other nitroparaffins. Symptoms of exposure in humans included headache, nausea, damage to the respiratory tract and liver damage. Most of the exposures to nitroparaffins resulting from occupational pursuits have been to 2- nitropropane. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Adhesives Explosions Explosive Agents Fuel Oils Hazardous Substances Insecticides Nervous System Nervous System Disorders Nitrogen Compounds Occupational Health Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Solvents

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• Keywords:
  Central-nervous-system-disorders Coatings Contract-210-79-0030 Explosives Fuels NIOSH-Contract Nitro-compounds Pesticides Pulmonary-system-disorders Toxic-effects
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Contract
• Genre:
  Final Contract Report
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; OSHA Region 2
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-79
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00188273
• NTIS Accession Number:
  PB89-215784
• Citation:
  Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment, Syracuse Research Corporation, Syracuse, New York, SRC TR 81-617, Second Draft 1981 Nov; :1-79
• CAS Registry Number:
  1-Nitropropane (CAS RN 108-03-2) ; 2-Nitropropane (CAS RN 79-46-9) ; Nitroethane (CAS RN 79-24-3) ; Nitromethane (CAS RN 75-52-5) ; Tetranitromethane (CAS RN 509-14-8) ; Trinitromethane (CAS RN 517-25-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1982
• NORA Priority Area:
  Disease and Injury: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment, Syracuse Research Corporation, Syracuse, New York, SRC TR 81-617, Second Draft
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:bc52bf3a321cdb6f8bbab6ed131ac916ec0651b24ef55faa20aacf7de314b57a7e2a857f2ece6b3270d85fab976208ca104243952e5158dec713a022460f6dad
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/204944/cdc_204944_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.53 MB ]