Particle characterization and toxicological evaluation of pulmonary exposure to graphenes of different sizes

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bilgesu S ; Castranova, Vincent ; Chaudhuri I ; Erdely A ; Fix NR ; Geddam UK ; Kenyon A ; Kyrlidis A ; Leonard, Stephen S. ; Mercer RR ; Porter DW ; Roberts, Jennifer R. ; Sager TM ; Scabilloni JF ; Schwegler-Berry D ; Seehra MS ; Wolfarth M ; Yingling BM
• Description:
  Manufacturing of graphenes (Gr) may increase the risk of respiratory exposure to workers. The goal of this study was to assess toxicity of three non-oxidized Gr of different sizes [20 microm lateral x 7-10 nm thick (Gr20), 5 microm lateral x 7-10 nm thick (Gr5), and <2 microm lateral x 1-2 nm thick (Gr1)] following respiratory exposure. Carbon black (CB, 15 nm diameter), was used as a particle control. Particles were characterized for surface area (SA), structure, zeta potential, surface reactivity, and agglomeration in vehicle (dispersion medium; DM). Gr samples were found to be similarly composed of two graphite structures, were not surface-reactive, and consisted of 64-72, 75-84, and 28-30 layers for Gr20, Gr5, and Gr1, respectively. Gr1 had the greatest SA followed by CB, then Gr20 and Gr5. Agglomeration in DM ranged from approximately 5-300 and 0.5-60 microm, for Gr20 and Gr5, respectively, and from approximately 0.2-5 microm for both Gr1 and CB, with no differences in zeta potential. In vivo, male C57BL/6J mice received 4 or 40 microg of Gr1, Gr5, or Gr20, or 40 microg of CB, or DM by pharyngeal aspiration. At 4 hr (0 d), 1d, 7d, 1m, and 2m post-exposure, pulmonary and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, distribution, clearance, and histopathology were evaluated. Gr deposition in airways vs alveoli, and lung clearance, were size-dependent. No toxicity was observed in any of the low doses. Gr20 and Gr5 increased indices of lung inflammation and injury in lavage fluid and tissue gene expression to a greater degree and duration than Gr1 and CB. Gr5 and Gr20 also showed no to minimal lung epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia with resolution over time. In addition, the aorta and liver inflammatory and acute phase genes were transiently elevated in Gr5 and Gr20. When compared to similar doses of carbon nanotubes in the literature, non-oxidized Gr were less potent inducers of toxicity. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemistry Environmental Monitoring Genetics Immune System Laboratories Lung Occupational Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Risk Assessment Safety Toxicology

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• Keywords:
  Carbon-compounds Chemical-analysis Chemical-composition Chemical-deposition Chemical-properties Chemical-structure Dispersion Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Genes Histopathology Immune-reaction Laboratory-animals Laboratory-testing Nanotechnology Oxidative-processes Pulmonary-clearance Pulmonary-system-disorders Respiratory-system-disorders Risk-analysis

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Massachusetts ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 9 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  144
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20045905
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2015 Mar; 144(1):172
• CAS Registry Number:
  Carbon (CAS RN 7440-44-0) ; Carbon black (CAS RN 1333-86-4) ; Graphene (CAS RN 1034343-98-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 54th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 22-26, 2015, San Diego, California
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:daa27bbb7d906fe9b5f0e7a6cf2ac3fca42fb0db5701f0320cc9e9862e5aaf6c389f694e16164a74ac1500c9ea8c9081bb4b21e2049061f5df4ead9b4dbff8cb
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/201150/cdc_201150_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 219.47 KB ]