In vivo evaluation of the pulmonary toxicity of cellulose nanocrystals

Details

• Personal Author:
  Farcas M ; Geraci, Charles L. ; Kagan VE ; Kisin ER ; Shvedova AA ; Yanamala N
• Description:
  Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), with advantageous chemical and mechanical properties, are viewed as lightweight and inexpensive alternatives to carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Over the past decade, due to their low cost, high abundance and ease of availability, CNC materials have gained prominence in a number of applications: nanofillers in polymer composites, building materials, cosmetics, filtration membranes, photonic films, food, and in the drug industry. Thus, it becomes critical to evaluate the potential health risks associated with CNC exposures. Here, we compared pulmonary outcomes caused by exposure of C57BL/6 mice to two different processed forms of CNC materials, i.e., CNCS (10 wt%; gel/suspension) and CNCP (powder). Pharyngeal aspiration with CNCS and CNCP was found to facilitate the innate inflammatory response assessed by an increase of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) leukocytes. Biomarkers of tissue damage were elevated to a higher extent in mice exposed to CNCP. Compared to CNCP, CNCS caused a significant increase in the accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins. The up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines was higher in the lungs after CNCS treatments. Most importantly, the elevated levels of IFN-gamma, a Th1 cytokine and IL-13, a Th2 cytokine in the BAL were unique to CNCS and CNCP exposures, respectively. Moreover, CNCP materials were significantly longer than CNCS. Taken together, our data suggests that particle morphology and nanosize dimensions of CNCs may be critical factors affecting the nature of the innate immune inflammatory responses. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Environmental Monitoring Hazardous Substances Immune System Laboratories Lung Occupational Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Risk Assessment Safety Toxicology

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• Keywords:
  Cellulose-fibers Exposure-assessment Health-hazards Immune-reaction In-vivo-study Laboratory-animals Laboratory-testing Leukocytes Lung-tissue Morphology Nanotechnology Oxidative-processes Proteins Pulmonary-function Pulmonary-system-disorders Risk-analysis Tissue-disorders

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 9 ; Pennsylvania ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; EID - Education and Information Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  65
• Volume:
  144
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20045887
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2015 Mar; 144(1):65
• CAS Registry Number:
  Cellulose (CAS RN 9004-34-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• NORA Priority Area:
  Mining
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 54th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 22-26, 2015, San Diego, California
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:4ee116b13d924708b11018467d2ada80feb9b74a99a421153ac60670de43b3e911141d206adae31ac31d953551481c3e64f8ff13d9dbe8f01da553e34dde1136
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/201135/cdc_201135_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 227.39 KB ]