Comparative Pulmonary Toxicity of 6 Abrasive Blasting Agents

Details

• Personal Author:
  Barger M ; Battelli LA ; Castranova, Vincent ; Frazer D ; Goldsmith WT ; Greskevich, Mark F. ; Hill K ; Hubbs, Ann F. ; Jones, William G. ; Landsittel DP ; Ma JYC ; Minhas NS ; Porter DW ; Robinson VA ; Schwegler-Berry D
• Description:
  Inhalation of silica dust is associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, substitute abrasive materials have been suggested for use in abrasive blasting operations. To date, toxicological evaluation of most substitute abrasives has been incomplete. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the pulmonary toxicity of a set of substitute abrasives (garnet, staurolite, coal slag, specular hematite, and treated sand) to that of blasting sand. Rats were exposed to blasting sand or an abrasive substitute by intratracheal instillation and pulmonary responses to exposure were monitored 4 weeks postexposure. Pulmonary damage was monitored as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the acellular lavage fluid. Pulmonary inflammation was evaluated from the yield of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. The activity of alveolar macrophages was determined by measuring zymosan-stimulated chemiluminescence. Blasting sand caused lung damage and showed histologic evidence for inflammation and fibrosis. Garnet, staurolite, and treated sand exhibited toxicity and inflammation that were similar to blasting sand, while coal slag caused greater pulmonary damage and inflammation than blasting sand. In contrast, specular hematite did not significantly elevate LDH or PMN levels and did not stimulate macrophage activity 4 weeks postexposure. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aluminum Silicates Animals Coal Dust Environmental Monitoring Ferrous Compounds Fibrosis Hazardous Substances Laboratories Lung Lung Diseases Occupational Health Quartz Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Silicon Dioxide

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• Keywords:
  Abrasive-blasting Abrasives Animal-studies Author Keywords: Silica Coal-dust Coal Slag Exposure-assessment Garnet Inflammation Iron Oxide Laboratory-animals Lung Lung-disorders Lung-fibrosis Pulmonary-system-disorders Quartz Quartz-dust Respiratory-system-disorders Sand Silica-dusts Silicates Specular Hematite Staurolite Toxic-effects Toxins

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; DRDS - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  135-143
• Volume:
  61
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20021759
• Citation:
  Toxicol Sci 2001 May; 61(1):135-143
• Contact Point Address:
  PPRB, HELD, NIOSH, CDC, M/S 2015, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505
• Email:
  afh0@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Ferrous oxide (CAS RN 1345-25-1) ; Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2001
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicological Sciences
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:1ecf658687a78a3c1776d72dcbc64b610b093207f2eb9d463d8e143c7afad9c115d95a17b49dd82a0bda18c62bd1c2b51ef4a7a3c0313ba4bb00f186d611cc96
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/198868/cdc_198868_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 805.36 KB ]