Effect of Vehicles and Sodium Lauryl Sulphate on Xenobiotic Permeability and Stratum Corneum Partitioning in Porcine Skin

Details

• Personal Author:
  Riviere JE ; Van der Merwe D
• Description:
  Dermal contact with potentially toxic agricultural and industrial chemicals is a common hazard encountered in occupational, accidental spill and environmental contamination scenarios. Different solvents and chemical mixtures may influence dermal absorption. The effects of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on the stratum corneum partitioning and permeability in porcine skin of 10 agricultural and industrial chemicals in water, ethanol and propylene glycol were investigated. The chemicals were phenol, p-nitrophenol, pentachlorophenol, methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, simazine, atrazine and propazine. SLS decreased partitioning into stratum corneum from water for lipophilic compounds, decreased partitioning from propylene glycol and did not alter partitioning from ethanol. SLS effects on permeability were less consistent, but generally decreased permeability from water, increased permeability from ethanol and had an inconsistent effect on permeability from propylene glycol. It was concluded that, for the compounds tested, partitioning into the stratum corneum was determined by the relative solubility of the solute in the donor solvent and the stratum corneum lipids. Permeability, however, reflected the result of successive, complex processes and was not predictable from stratum corneum partitioning alone. Addition of SLS to solvents altered partitioning and absorption characteristics across a range of compounds, which indicates that partition coefficients or skin permeability from neat chemical exposure should be used with caution in risk assessment procedures for chemical mixtures. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Agriculture Insecticides Occupational Health Phenol Safety Skin Skin Absorption
• Keywords:
  Agricultural-chemicals Atrazine Author Keywords: Skin Permeability Chlorpyrifos Dermal Absorption Ethanol Ethyl Parathion Fenthion Methyl Parathion P-Nitrophenol Pentachlorophenol Pesticides Pesticides-and-agricultural-chemicals Propazine Propylene Glycol Simazine Skin-absorption Skin-exposure Stratum Corneum Partitioning Water

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• ISSN:
  0300-483X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  325-335
• Volume:
  206
• Issue:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20025944
• Citation:
  Toxicology 2005 Jan; 206(3):325-335
• Contact Point Address:
  Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
• CAS Registry Number:
  4-Nitrophenol (CAS RN 100-02-7) ; Atrazine (CAS RN 1912-24-9) ; Chlorpyrifos (CAS RN 2921-88-2) ; Fenthion (CAS RN 55-38-9) ; Parathion (CAS RN 56-38-2) ; Parathion-methyl (CAS RN 2Furfuryl alcohol (CAS RN 98-00-0)) ; Pentachlorophenol (CAS RN 87-86-5) ; Phenol (CAS RN 108-95-2) ; Propazine (CAS RN 139-40-2) ; Simazine (CAS RN 122-34-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2005
• NORA Priority Area:
  Work Environment and Workforce: Mixed Exposures
• Performing Organization:
  North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20010601
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicology
• End Date:
  20100331
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:a316fc877d9ebd901f730d7e4826cfef14666ed4c1d3fc1eb33209363cc25a2f4228c24d35751d7356c169349e2b2e3da6bb9ad2cbff1cf3ae3d2bc2ae45144f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/197103/cdc_197103_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 322.07 KB ]