Investigation of Chemical Uptake at Low Loads on Skin

Details

• Personal Author:
  Domesle AR ; Kissel JC ; Shirai JH
• Description:
  Background and Purpose/Objectives: Traditionally dermal absorption experiments have been conducted at chemical loads of 1 ug/cm2 and higher (sometimes much higher) even though many actual exposure scenarios involve delivery of lower loads to skin. Assumption of constant fractional absorption across disparate loads is common, but not well founded. Greater understanding of low-load dermal absorption is required to inform exposure and risk assessment. Methodology: A glass and Teflon chamber was constructed to permit deposition of aerosols generated by a Collison nebulizer onto skin coupons. Fluorescent tracer and radio-labeled compounds were applied at loads of roughly 1-500 ng/cm2. Results/Impact/Outcomes: Experiments in which a fluorescent tracer was employed provide visual evidence that distribution of tracer on human cadaver skin following low-load aerosol deposition differs from that observed following application in solvent by pipette. Subsequent experiments involving nebulization of ethanol-based solutions of 14C-labeled pentachlorophenol and chlorpyrifos demonstrated that low loads could be reproducibly applied to, and quantitatively recovered from, human cadaver skin. Substantially incomplete removal following soap and water washing at 90 minutes was observed and confirmed by counting of solubilized skin. Conclusions and Discussion: Absorption of two pesticides delivered at low loads revealed rapid penetration to depths at which soap and water washing was ineffective. Net fractional absorption exceeded results reported in the prior literature following higher load, longer duration experiments. Results should contribute to understanding of low-load absorption and potential for decontamination by washing. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Insecticides Occupational Health Safety Skin Skin Absorption
• Keywords:
  Chemicals Chlorpyrifos Decontamination Dermal Absorption Hand Washing Pesticides And Agricultural Chemicals Skin Absorption
• Publisher:
  University of Toronto
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 5 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  40
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20056077
• Citation:
  OEESC 2011: 5th International Conference on Occupational and Environmental Exposure of Skin to Chemicals, June 5-8, 2011, Toronto, Canada. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto, June 2011; :40
• CAS Registry Number:
  Chlorpyrifos (CAS RN 2921-88-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2011
• NORA Priority Area:
  Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing ; Manufacturing
• Performing Organization:
  University of Cincinnati
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20020901
• Source Full Name:
  OEESC 2011: 5th International Conference on Occupational and Environmental Exposure of Skin to Chemicals, June 5-8, 2011, Toronto, Canada
• End Date:
  20130731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:774f69de187d2f510e5d0330832d13de1ac86dad476eb86ba5e8b07a3c4c8494f4d57c7cea3343e4ad1da42ddb45f8d1c512ec7ae2f621906f3f4b7b19899b30
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/213766/cdc_213766_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 182.42 KB ]