Immunotoxic Effects in the Rat Lung from Inhalation of Vanadium

Details

• Personal Author:
  Cohen MD ; McManus TP ; Schlesinger RB ; Zelikoff JT ; Cohen MD ; McManus TP ; Schlesinger RB ; Zelikoff JT
• Description:
  Male Fisher 344 rats (10 wk old, 200-250 g) were exposed to atmospheres containing 2 mg vanadiurn(V)/m3 (as ammonium metavanadate NH4 VO3, 0.32 um diameter particles) for 8 hr/d for 4 d in a nose-only exposure system. In exposed rats, lung burdens of vanadium increased in a time-dependent fashion. Nearly all (88%) metal-exposed rats displayed markedly increased levels of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) after each exposure, though the effect was only transitory. Analysis of lung cells and lavage fluid 24 hr after the final exposure suggested that a strong inflammatory response was elicited; levels of free neutrophils and immature monocytes, as well as of lavage protein and lactate dehydrogenase, were greatly elevated as compared with levels observed in air-exposed controls. Vanadium also affected the capacity of pulmonary macrophages (PAM) to both produce and respond to important immunoregulatory cytokines. PAM production of tumor necrosis factor-a in response to, lipopolysaccharide was significantly inhibited, as was the ability of PAM to synthesize/place MHC Class II/Ia molecules on their cell surfaces in response to interferon-y (IFNy). The PAM from V-exposed hosts were also inhibited in their ability to be primed by IFNy to produce superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in response to stimulation with opsonized zymosan. These studies indicate that subchronic inhalation exposure of rats to V, at levels encountered in the workplace, can cause strong immunomodulatory effects in the lungs, with the major effect occurring at the level of cytokine-related functions. These alterations may be underlying mechanisms for the well-documented increases in bronchopulmonary infections and cancers in workers chronically exposed to V-containing workplace atmospheres. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Laboratories Lung Diseases Occupational Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Vanadium Compounds
• Keywords:
  Animal-studies Exposure-levels Immunotoxins Inhalation-studies Laboratory-animals Lung-disorders Pulmonary-system-disorders Respiratory-system-disorders Vanadium-compounds
• ISSN:
  0731-9193
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary ; Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; OSHA Region 2
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health ; Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America ; North America
• Volume:
  15
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20024498
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 1995 Mar; 15(1):257
• CAS Registry Number:
  Hydrogen peroxide (CAS RN 7722-84-1) ; Vanadium (CAS RN 7440-62-2) ; Hydrogen peroxide (CAS RN 7722-84-1) ; Vanadium (CAS RN 7440-62-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1995
• NORA Priority Area:
  Other Occupational Concerns ; Other Occupational Concerns
• Performing Organization:
  New York University, New York, New York
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  19930501
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 34th Annual Meeting, March 5-9,1995, Baltimore, Maryland
• End Date:
  19960430
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:88831dc45b5359ad6cf065036490c808abec77496e0fc34d4d64d5f3ae5fc2f8f15e28e961ddb75a638a6e7a342bc3952f742508d9e11112f3a48400a381cec1
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/196273/cdc_196273_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 132.74 KB ]