Estimated daily intake of phthalates in occupationally exposed groups

Details

• Personal Author:
  Calafat, Antonia M. ; Deddens JA ; Hines CJ ; Hopf NBN ; Silva MJ
• Description:
  Improved analytical methods for measuring urinary phthalate metabolites have resulted in biomarker-based estimates of phthalate daily intake for the general population, but not for occupationally exposed groups. In 2003-2005, we recruited 156 workers from eight industries where materials containing diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were used as part of the worker's regular job duties. Phthalate metabolite concentrations measured in the workers' end-shift urine samples were used in a simple pharmacokinetic model to estimate phthalate daily intake. DEHP intake estimates based on three DEHP metabolites combined were 0.6-850 microg/kg/day, with the two highest geometric mean (GM) intakes in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film manufacturing (17 microg/kg/day) and PVC compounding (12 microg/kg/day). All industries, except phthalate manufacturing, had some workers whose DEHP exposure exceeded the U.S. reference dose (RfD) of 20 microg/kg/day. A few workers also exceeded the DEHP European tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 50 microg/kg/day. DEP intake estimates were 0.5-170 microg/kg/day, with the highest GM in phthalate manufacturing (27 microg/kg/day). DBP intake estimates were 0.1-76 microg/kg/day, with the highest GMs in rubber gasket and in phthalate manufacturing (17 microg/kg/day, each). No DEP or DBP intake estimates exceeded their respective RfDs. The DBP TDI (10 microg/kg/day) was exceeded in three rubber industries and in phthalate manufacturing. These intake estimates are subject to several uncertainties; however, an occupational contribution to phthalate daily intake is clearly indicated in some industries. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Energy Metabolism Environmental Monitoring Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Phthalic Acids Rubber Safety Urine
• Keywords:
  Analytical-methods Author Keywords: Phthalates Biological-monitoring Biomonitoring Employee-exposure Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Kinetics Metabolites Personal Exposure Pharmacodynamics Phthalates Rubber-manufacturing-industry Rubber-workers Sampling Urinalysis

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• ISSN:
  1559-0631
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSHEFS - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  133-141
• Volume:
  21
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20038404
• Citation:
  J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2011 Mar-Apr; 21(2):133-141
• Contact Point Address:
  Cynthia J. Hines, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, R-14, Cincinnati, 45230, USA
• Email:
  cjh8@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Dibutyl phthalate (CAS RN 84-74-2) ; Diethyl phthalate (CAS RN 84-66-2) ; Dioctyl phthalate (CAS RN 117-81-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2011
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:643037fe39c5db3ee193ab90fe6975240e66e24c2c513c99f7c9d7ffa78c08bfddccc9167ae793223f7f9c1b6ee8e23ae268f9079c1b9d1e61c97dd48411dd3d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/192124/cdc_192124_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 434.69 KB ]