Occupational exposure to HDI: progress and challenges in biomarker analysis

Details

• Personal Author:
  Ball LM ; Flack SL ; Nylander-French LA
• Description:
  1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) is extensively used in the automotive repair industry and is a commonly reported cause of occupational asthma in industrialized populations. However, the exact pathological mechanism remains uncertain. Characterization and quantification of biomarkers resulting from HDI exposure can fill important knowledge gaps between exposure, susceptibility, and the rise of immunological reactions and sensitization leading to asthma. Here, we discuss existing challenges in HDI biomarker analysis including the quantification of N-acetyl-1,6-hexamethylene diamine (monoacetyl-HDA) and N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-hexamethylene diamine (diacetyl-HDA) in urine samples based on previously established methods for HDA analysis. In addition, we describe the optimization of reaction conditions for the synthesis of monoacetyl-HDA and diacetyl-HDA, and utilize these standards for the quantification of these metabolites in the urine of three occupationally exposed workers. Diacetyl-HDA was present in untreated urine at 0.015-0.060 µg/l. Using base hydrolysis, the concentration range of monoacetyl-HDA in urine was 0.19-2.2 µg/l, 60-fold higher than in the untreated samples on average. HDA was detected only in one sample after base hydrolysis (0.026 µg/l). In contrast, acid hydrolysis yielded HDA concentrations ranging from 0.36 to 10.1 µg/l in these three samples. These findings demonstrate HDI metabolism via N-acetylation metabolic pathway and protein adduct formation resulting from occupational exposure to HDI. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Biomarkers Environmental Monitoring Hypersensitivity Immune System Inhalation Exposure Irritants Lung Occupational Health Particulate Matter Respiratory Hypersensitivity Respiratory System Safety Urine Workplace

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• Keywords:
  Airborne-particles Allergens Allergic-reactions Biological-effects Biological-systems Breathing Breathing-zone Chemical-hypersensitivity Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Immune-reaction Inhalants Lung-irritants Particle-aerodynamics Particulates Pulmonary-system Quantitative-analysis Respiratory-hypersensitivity Respiratory-irritants Statistical-analysis Urine-chemistry Workplace-studies

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• ISSN:
  1570-0232
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  878
• Issue:
  27
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20038131
• Citation:
  J Chromatogr B 2010 Oct; 878(27):2635-2642
• Contact Point Address:
  Leena A. Nylander-French, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7431, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431
• Email:
  leena_french@unc.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Hexamethylene diisocyanate (CAS RN 822-06-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2011
• Performing Organization:
  University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20030801
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
• End Date:
  20070731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:881c4cba69640f79148270f3e69e99ecce6913a509d128e4f6f94de9b366453455aad9c0de561145069c32c57cb2c85c28ec753f83a0284b546535c83bf36ee6
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/191936/cdc_191936_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 717.54 KB ]