Dermal Exposure to 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate

Details

• Personal Author:
  Ball LM ; Flynn MR ; Nylander-French LA
• Description:
  Skin is a major target for occupational chemical exposure and associated disease. Diisocyanates, used in applications involving polyurethane paints and plastics, are powerful sensitizers and a leading cause of occupationally induced asthma. Reaction of the isocyanate functional group with thiol groups of proteins such as keratins in skin may be involved in immune mediated responses and sensitization that could lead to development of allergic contact dermatitis (dermal-systemic effect) and also to asthma (airway-systemic effect). The relative magnitude of dermal versus inhalation exposure and the parameters that influence the extent of exposure by each route are not well understood. During this project, we have developed new efficient, sensitive, and specific techniques to measure 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) monomer and its oligomers uretidone, biuret, and isocyanurate. To our knowledge, we are the first to synthesize and purify urea derivatives of biuret and isocyanurate for use as standards and to quantify HDI and its three oligomers in air, tape-stripped skin, and paint samples collected from occupationally exposed workers. The commonly available air samplers for HDI may significantly underestimate or produce biased results due to evaporation or due to the potential for vapor to adsorb to the filter, which is supposed to collect aerosols only. We evaluated these commonly used air sampling methods for HDI vapor and aerosol and determined the efficiency and accuracy of these methods for HDI under laboratory and occupational exposure settings. Our results show a potential for underestimation of HDI-based polyisocyanates when commonly used short-term dual-stage sampling is employed to measure airborne levels of HDI. Based on our results, a single-stage 37-mm polypropylene or polystyrene cassette should be employed when performing monitoring of inhalation exposure to HDI during spray-painting. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Biomarkers Environmental Monitoring Inhalation Exposure Irritants Lung Occupational Health Paint Particulate Matter Respiratory Hypersensitivity Respiratory System Safety Skin Solvents Workplace

  More +
• Keywords:
  Airborne-particles Biological-effects Biological-systems Breathing Breathing-zone Dermatology Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Inhalants Lung-irritants Paint-shops Paint-spraying Painters Particle-aerodynamics Particulates Pulmonary-system Quantitative-analysis Respiratory-hypersensitivity Respiratory-irritants Spray-painting Statistical-analysis Vapors Workplace-studies

  More +
• Series:
  Grant Final Reports
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Final Grant Report
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  OEP - Office of Extramural Programs
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-15
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20038323
• NTIS Accession Number:
  PB2011-107525
• Citation:
  Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, R01-OH-007598, 2007 Oct; :1-15
• Contact Point Address:
  Leena A. Nylander-French, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7431, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431
• Email:
  leena_french@unc.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Biuret (CAS RN 108-19-0) ; Hexamethylene diisocyanate (CAS RN 822-06-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2008
• Performing Organization:
  University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20030801
• Source Full Name:
  Dermal Exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene Diisocyanate
• End Date:
  20070731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:475bda0fd2f938f84138b6afafcb1e5c75590c77195a49b5b081f2394e27a6b3ea206a95e63b11bfafe4a82688b916e7dc70c82edb283069f1304d8fcc143306
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/218394/cdc_218394_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 855.39 KB ]