Mechanistically Identified Suitable Biomarkers of Exposure, Effect, and Susceptibility for Silicosis and Coal-Worker’s Pneumoconiosis: A Comprehensive Review

Details

• Personal Author:
  Borm PJA ; Castranova, Vincent ; Donaldson K ; Gulumian M ; Murray J ; Nelson G ; Vallyathan V
• Description:
  Clinical detection of silicosis is currently dependent on radiological and lung function abnormalities, both late manifestations of disease. Markers of prediction and early detection of pneumoconiosis are imperative for the implementation of timely intervention strategies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the etiology of coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) and silicosis was essential in proposing numerous biomarkers that have been evaluated to assess effects following exposure to crystalline silica and/or coal mine dust. Human validation studies have substantiated some of these proposed biomarkers and argued in favor of their use as biomarkers for crystalline silica- and CWP-induced pneumoconiosis. A number of "ideal" biological markers of effect were identified, namely, Clara cell protein-16 (CC16) (serum), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (monocyte release), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (monocyte release), reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement by chemiluminescence (neutrophil release), 8-isoprostanes (serum), total antioxidant levels measured by total equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione S-transferase activity, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (serum). TNF-alpha polymorphism (blood cellular DNA) was identified as a biomarker of susceptibility. Further studies are planned to test the validity and feasibility of these biomarkers to detect either high exposure to crystalline silica and early silicosis or susceptibility to silicosis in gold miners in South Africa. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aluminum Silicates Biomarkers Coal Coal Mining Dust Lung Lung Diseases Mining Occupational Diseases Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Quartz Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Silicon Dioxide

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• Keywords:
  Coal-dust Coal-miners Coal-mining Coal-workers Coal-workers-pneumoconiosis Disease-prevention Diseases Dust-exposure Dust-particles Dusts Exposure-levels Gold-mines Lung-disorders Lung-function Occupational-diseases Occupational-exposure Occupational-hazards Occupational-health Pneumoconiosis Quartz-dust Silica-dusts Silicates Silicosis

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• ISSN:
  1093-7404
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  357-395
• Volume:
  9
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20031037
• Citation:
  J Toxicol Environ Health B 2006 Sep-Oct; 9(5):357-395
• Email:
  mary.gulumian@nioh.nhls.ac.za
• CAS Registry Number:
  Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2006
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:032e1a575a4d05825de15c9cfc41e0b7bdea98040a454efada3b3bed42b4c9bb871bfe82df040b7215e99ce655d464dc417c79255450857598a6edc2336abdc5
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/191429/cdc_191429_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 401.47 KB ]