Application of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Analysis of Paraquat in Human-Exposure Samples

Details

• Personal Author:
  Gee SJ ; Hammock BD ; Koivunen ME ; Lee K ; Park E-K ; Schenker MB
• Description:
  Paraquat is a toxic quaternary ammonium compound used as an herbicide around the world. Easy, fast, and inexpensive but sensitive methods are needed to study the effects of long-term, low-level exposure of paraquat on human health. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for quantification of paraquat in urine and air-filter samples collected in a human-exposure study among farm workers in Costa Rica. A sample pretreatment consisted of removal of interfering substances using solid-phase extraction resin columns. The precision and accuracy of the method were tested using duplicate spiked urine samples. The correlation between results for blind samples obtained using ELISA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was significant (R2 = 0.945 and 0.906 for spiked and field samples, respectively). With an LOQ of 2 ng mL(-1), this ELISA method was able to distinguish the exposed from the nonexposed farm workers. For the air-filter analysis, paraquat was extracted by 9 M H2SO4 at 60 degrees C for 12 hours, and the results obtained by ELISA showed good correlation (R2 = 0.918) with the spectrophotometric (256 nm) measurements. Paraquat in acid-stabilized urine samples was very stable, and no significant losses were detected during a 3-month storage at room temperature, at 4 degrees C, or at -20 degrees C. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Agriculture Enzymes Farmers Herbicides Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Agricultural Chemicals Ammonium Compounds ELISA Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Farm Workers Occupational Exposure Paraquat Sampling Methods
• ISSN:
  0090-4341
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  184-190
• Volume:
  48
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20028835
• Citation:
  Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2005 Feb; 48(2):184-190
• Email:
  bdhammock@ucdavis.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Ammonia (CAS RN 7664-41-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2005
• Performing Organization:
  University of California - Davis
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20010930
• Source Full Name:
  Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
• End Date:
  20270929
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f2734cd6e2e1991fbf150bf374e5fdbf3361bb1d89e5b1ecb656d69b3a7a12e12221696ce992a854644334fd0cfa9133e92c9de82f673c040ca25b78597f765f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/189940/cdc_189940_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 188.33 KB ]