Identification and assessment of tumor-promoting and cocarcinogenic agents: state-of-the-art in vitro methods.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bohrman JS
• Description:
  In-vitro methods used for identifying and assessing tumor promoting and cocarcinogenic agents are reviewed. The distinction between tumor promotion and cocarcinogens is explained. Properties of initiators, promoters, and cocarcinogens are compared. Markers of tumor formation, resulting from exposures to tumor promoters or cocarcinogens, are discussed. In-vivo and in-vitro methods for screening chemicals for carcinogenicity are considered. Advantages of in-vitro methods over in-vivo methods are listed. These include sensitivity arising from homogeneity of the cells, rapidity, ease of quantification, economy, ability to study the response of human tissues, and the capability of studying biological events under controlled conditions with fewer variables than with in-vivo testing. Disadvantages of in-vitro systems are described. The most significant difficulty is duplicating in-vitro the reactions that occur in-vivo. In-vitro and in-vivo screening methodologies for skin, liver, respiratory tract, bladder, gastrointestinal tract, and mammary gland carcinogenesis are reviewed. Specific cell lines that are in standard use in chemical carcinogenesis studies are discussed. Promising state of the art screening systems for identifying and assessing tumor promoters and cocarcinogens are described. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Biochemistry Carcinogens Hazardous Substances Occupational Health Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Animal Studies Biological Effects Carcinogenicity Physiological Measurements Physiology Toxic Effects Toxic Materials Tumorigens
• ISSN:
  1040-8444
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DBBS - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  121-167
• Volume:
  11
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00153726
• Citation:
  Crit Rev Toxicol 1983 Jan; 11(2):121-167
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1983
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Critical Reviews in Toxicology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:bec278c41a07231b64527077f521670225909c1f09aaf9faf6b2241ba7b26529580b89ae51e62785d98120aa1d253c68c0b257c7afab89c6dab2220479160a40
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/184913/cdc_184913_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.44 MB ]