Isolation and Quarantine for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States, 2020–2022

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Clin Infect Dis
• Personal Author:
  Oeltmann, John E. ; Vohra, Divya ; Matulewicz, Holly H. ; DeLuca, Nickolas ; Smith, Jonathan P. ; Couzens, Chandra ; Lash, R. Ryan ; Harvey, Barrington ; Boyette, Melissa ; Edwards, Alicia ; Talboy, Philip M. ; Dubose, Odessa ; Regan, Paul ; Loosier, Penny ; Caruso, Elise ; Katz, Dolores J. ; Taylor, Melanie M. ; Moonan, Patrick K.
• Description:
  Background.
  
  Public health programs varied in ability to reach people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their contacts to encourage separation from others. For both adult case patients with COVID-19 and their contacts, we estimated the impact of contact tracing activities on separation behaviors from January 2020 until March 2022.
  
  Methods.
  
  We used a probability-based panel survey of a nationally representative sample to gather data for estimates and comparisons.
  
  Results.
  
  An estimated 64 255 351 adults reported a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test result; 79.6% isolated for ≥5 days, 60.2% isolated for ≥10 days, and 79.2% self-notified contacts. A total of, 24 057 139 (37.7%) completed a case investigation, and 46.2% of them reported contacts to health officials. More adults who completed a case investigation isolated than those who did not complete a case investigation (≥5 days, 82.6% vs 78.2%, respectively; ≥10 days, 69.8% vs 54.8%; both P < .05). A total of 84 946 636 adults were contacts of a COVID-19 case patient. Of these, 73.1% learned of their exposure directly from a case patient; 49.4% quarantined for ≥5 days, 18.7% quarantined for ≥14 days, and 13.5% completed a contact tracing call. More quarantined among those who completed a contact tracing call than among those who did not complete a tracing call (≥5 days, 61.2% vs 48.5%, respectively; ≥14 days, 25.2% vs 18.0%; both P < .05).
  
  Conclusions.
  
  Engagement in contact tracing was positively correlated with isolation and quarantine. However, most adults with COVID-19 isolated and self-notified contacts regardless of whether the public health workforce was able to reach them. Identifying and reaching contacts was challenging and limited the ability to promote quarantining, and testing.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Adult Aged Contact Tracing COVID-19 Female Humans Male Middle Aged Patient Isolation Quarantine Young Adult

  More +
• Keywords:
  Contact Tracing Isolation Quarantine
• Source:
  Clin Infect Dis. 77(2):212-219
• Pubmed ID:
  36947142
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC11094624
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  77
• Issue:
  2
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:ae80861a196235bf1ad720a4dd0925af1404a2e72bd9875cf0cf73510aacb2ec
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/156902/cdc_156902_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 500.23 KB ]