Susceptibility to Hepatitis A Virus Infection in the United States, 2007–2016

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Clin Infect Dis
• Personal Author:
  Yin, Shaoman ; Barker, Laurie ; Ly, Kathleen N. ; Kilmer, Greta ; Foster, Monique A. ; Drobeniuc, Jan ; Jiles, Ruth B.
• Description:
  Background. ; Despite national immunization efforts, including universal childhood hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination recommendations in 2006, hepatitis A virus (HAV)–associated outbreaks have increased in the United States. Unvaccinated or previously uninfected persons are susceptible to HAV infection, yet the susceptibility in the US population is not well known. ; Methods. ; Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016 data, we estimated HAV susceptibility prevalence (total HAV antibody negative) among persons aged ≥2 years. Among US-born adults aged ≥20 years, we examined prevalence, predictors, and age-adjusted trends of HAV susceptibility by sociodemographic characteristics. We assessed HAV susceptibility and self-reported nonvaccination to HepA among risk groups and the “immunization cohort” (those born in or after 2004). ; Results. ; Among US-born adults aged ≥20 years, HAV susceptibility prevalence was 74.1% (95% confidence interval, 72.9–75.3%) during 2007–2016. Predictors of HAV susceptibility were age group 30–49 years, non-Hispanic white/black, 130% above the poverty level, and no health insurance. Prevalences of HAV susceptibility and nonvaccination to HepA, respectively, were 72.9% and 73.1% among persons who reported injection drug use, 67.5% and 65.2% among men who had sex with men, 55.2% and 75.1% among persons with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, and 22.6% and 25.9% among the immunization cohort. Susceptibility and nonvaccination decreased over time among the immunization cohort but remained stable among risk groups. ; Conclusions. ; During 2007–2016, approximately three-fourths of US-born adults remained HAV susceptible. Enhanced vaccination efforts are critically needed, particularly targeting adults at highest risk for HAV infection, to mitigate the current outbreaks.
• Subjects:
  • Adult
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis A Vaccines
  • Hepatitis A virus
  • Hepatitis B
  • Humans
  • Immunization
  More +
• Keywords:
  • hepatitis A virus infection
  • susceptibility
  • nonvaccination
  • risk group
• Source:
  Clin Infect Dis. 71(10):e571-e579
• Pubmed ID:
  32193542
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC11009793
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  71
• Issue:
  10
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/154190/cdc_154190_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 975.60 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:3621fdab18be0fe81edce0729298101dc584209149187132312b5186b5972094