Tularemia Outbreak Investigation in Kosovo: Case Control and Environmental Studies

Reintjes, Ralf; Dedushaj, Isuf; Gjini, Ardiana; Jorgensen, Tine Rikke; Cotter, Benvon; Lieftucht, Alfons; D’Ancona, Fortunato; Dennis, David T.; Kosoy, Michael A.; Mulliqi-Osmani, Gjyle; Grunow, Roland; Kalaveshi, Ariana; Gashi, Luljeta; Humolli, Isme

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Tularemia Outbreak Investigation in Kosovo: Case Control and Environmental Studies

Supporting Files Public Domain

Jan 2002
By Reintjes, Ralf ; Dedushaj, Isuf ; Gjini, Ardiana ; ...

Details

Alternative Title:

Emerg Infect Dis
Personal Author:

Reintjes, Ralf ; Dedushaj, Isuf ; Gjini, Ardiana ; Jorgensen, Tine Rikke ; Cotter, Benvon ; Lieftucht, Alfons ; D’Ancona, Fortunato ; Dennis, David T. ; Kosoy, Michael A. ; Mulliqi-Osmani, Gjyle ; Grunow, Roland ; Kalaveshi, Ariana ; Gashi, Luljeta ; Humolli, Isme
Description:

A large outbreak of tularemia occurred in Kosovo in the early postwar period, 1999-2000. Epidemiologic and environmental investigations were conducted to identify sources of infection, modes of transmission, and household risk factors. Case and control status was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and microagglutination assay. A total of 327 serologically confirmed cases of tularemia pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis were identified in 21 of 29 Kosovo municipalities. Matched analysis of 46 case households and 76 control households suggested that infection was transmitted through contaminated food or water and that the source of infection was rodents. Environmental circumstances in war-torn Kosovo led to epizootic rodent tularemia and its spread to resettled rural populations living under circumstances of substandard housing, hygiene, and sanitation.
Subjects:

Adolescent Adult Aged Animals Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Disease Outbreaks Epidemiology Female Food Contamination Francisella Tularensis Humans Hygiene Infant Lymphadenitis Male Middle Aged Outbreak Investigation Pharyngitis Research Risk Factors Rodentia Seroepidemiologic Studies Tularemia War Water Microbiology Yugoslavia
Source:

Emerg Infect Dis. 8(1):69-73.
Document Type:

Journal Article
Volume:

8
Issue:

1
Collection(s):

Emerging Infectious Diseases
Main Document Checksum:

urn:sha256:a4a4edcb63aecd3411e2d08918c3e3241a3a7fde9e205cf95495664fd29a0357
Download URL:

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/13759/cdc_13759_DS1.pdf
File Type:

[PDF - 123.18 KB ]

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