Details:

Alternative Title:
Emerg Infect Dis
Personal Author:
Reintjes, Ralf ; Dedushaj, Isuf ; Gjini, Ardiana ; Jorgensen, Tine Rikke ; Cotter, Benvon ; ... More +
Reintjes, Ralf ; Dedushaj, Isuf ; Gjini, Ardiana ; Jorgensen, Tine Rikke ; Cotter, Benvon ; Lieftucht, Alfons ; D’Ancona, Fortunato ; Dennis, David T. ; Kosoy, Michael A. ; Mulliqi-Osmani, Gjyle ; Grunow, Roland ; Kalaveshi, Ariana ; Gashi, Luljeta ; Humolli, Isme ; Less -
Description:
A large outbreak of tularemia occurred in Kosovo in the early postwar period, 1999-2000. Epidemiologic and environmental investigations were conducted to identify sources of infection, modes of transmission, and household risk factors. Case and control status was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and microagglutination assay. A total of 327 serologically confirmed cases of tularemia pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis were identified in 21 of 29 Kosovo municipalities. Matched analysis of 46 case households and 76 control households suggested that infection was transmitted through contaminated food or water and that the source of infection was rodents. Environmental circumstances in war-torn Kosovo led to epizootic rodent tularemia and its spread to resettled rural populations living under circumstances of substandard housing, hygiene, and sanitation.
Subject:
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Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Animals
Case-Control Studies
Child
Child, Preschool
Disease Outbreaks
Epidemiology
Female
Food Contamination
Francisella Tularensis
Humans
Hygiene
Infant
Lymphadenitis
Male
Middle Aged
Outbreak Investigation
Pharyngitis
Research
Risk Factors
Rodentia
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Tularemia
War
Water Microbiology
Yugoslavia

Source:
Emerg Infect Dis. 8(1):69-73.
Document Type:
Journal Article ;
Collection(s):
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Main Document Checksum:
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urn:sha256:a4a4edcb63aecd3411e2d08918c3e3241a3a7fde9e205cf95495664fd29a0357
File Type:

Supporting Files

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