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CDC Public Access
Items in this collection are manuscripts and articles written by CDC or CDC-funded authors, and published in scholarly journals outside CDC. These items are available in compliance with the 2024 update of CDC-GA-2013-01 CDC Public Access to CDC-Funded Publications, available at: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/159734.
Oct 1996
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Environ Health Perspect. 104(Suppl 5):871-877.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important public health problem throughout the developed world. Many important questions remain to be addressed in assessing exposure to these compounds. Because they are ubiquitous and highly volatile, special techniques must be applied in the analytical determination of VOCs. The analytical methodology cho
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Recent employment figures (taken from the Mine Safety and Health Administration's database) indicate that the number of independent contractor' employees working in the coal mining industry has doubled over the past ten years. As their numbers increase, they become a more visible segment of the industry. [ ] Increased exposure to mining hazards has
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Within the Mine Safety and Health Administration's (MSHA's) classification of metal nonmetal (MAM) mining, the number of independent contractor' employees has increased significantly in recent years. In 1985 independent contractor employee hours reported to MSHA accounted for 4.5% of all M/NM mining employee hours (excluding office workers); by 199
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The Mine Safety and Health Administration. Department of Labor, requires coal mine operators to measure compliance with federal respirable dust exposure standards periodically using approved gravimetric samplers. However, the gravimetric approach, with its inherent delays, cannot provide dust concentration data quickly enough to allow on-site corre
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Apr 1996
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Environ Health Perspect. 104(Suppl 2):391-396.
Several methods of quantitative risk assessment that have been described recently are particularly applicable to neurotoxic end points. These methods can be broadly divided into two types of approaches based on their treatment of dose-response data to estimate risks. Benchmark approaches estimate risks using variability in response to a fixed dose
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1996/03/01
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Environ Health Perspect 1996 Mar; 104(Suppl 1):41-53
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
In a review of acute organic dust induced reactions, development of animal models for the study of acute pulmonary responses to organic dust exposures was discussed, and pathological responses resulting from inhaling organic dusts were described. Acute inhalation of organic dusts such as cotton, hay, silage, grain, hemp, or animal confinement or co
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An increased awareness of the impact of group B streptococcus (GBS) infection on neonatal outcome has prompted several seemingly discordant committee recommendations. Intrapartum antibiotics are effective in reducing the risk of neonatal morbidity when administered to a colonized woman who has a clinical condition that places her neonate at high ri
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A Paradigm Shift As market economists, mine managers are interested in "staying in business" and even "prospering." Bottom-line results are the "order of the day." Concern for bottom-line results invokes questions such as: How much was produced? At what cost? And, was anyone injured? While these questions will always carry everyday emphasis at the
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1995/11/01
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Environ Health Perspect 1995 Nov; 103(Suppl 8):197-203
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
An overview of preventable industrial causes of occupational cancer was presented. Sources of data on occupational carcinogens, single agents as preventable causes of occupational cancer, complex mixtures as preventable causes of cancer, and occupational groups at high risk for cancer were discussed. Animal studies and risk assessments have been us
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1995/11/01
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Environ Health Perspect 1995 Nov; 103(Suppl 8):217-218
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
The importance of information dissemination in the prevention of occupational cancer was addressed. The dissemination of research results is hypothesized to result in changes in work process and thus, the reduction of occupational exposures to carcinogens. This process likely involves new governmental policies and the use of information by independ
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Sep 1995
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Environ Health Perspect. 103(Suppl 6):55-58.
Exposure to indoor air pollutants such as tobacco smoke and dust mites may exacerbate childhood asthma. Environmental interventions to reduce exposures to these pollutants can help prevent exacerbations of the disease. Among the most important interventions is the elimination of environmental tobacco smoke from the environments of children with ast
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In recent years the issue of human stress response in emergency workers has begun to receive attention. This paper presents a rationale for considering human stress as a significant factor in the management of emergencies. It discusses the concept of stress, Critical Incident Stress in emergency responders, and introduces the Critical Incident Stre
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The US Bureau of Mines (USBM) has developed an inflatable feed-tube seal (IFTS) for high-expansion foam generators. The IFTS is a lightweight, portable, rectangular inflatable bag that can be used by firefighters to rapidly seal large openings, such as those in underground mines, and to simultaneously provide a feed-tube for a high- expansion foam
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Nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) and entry into mitosis are though to be driven by the activation of the p34cdc2-cyclin B kinase complex or mitosis promoting factor (MPF). Checkpoint control mechanisms that monitor essential preparatory events for mitosis, such as DNA replication, are thought to prevent entry into mitosis by downregulating MPF acti
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1995/06/01
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Environ Health Perspect 1995 Jun; 103(6):598-603
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
A mortality study of 364 subjects identified as working at a 1,3- butadiene (106990) unit of Union Carbide was conducted. Of this cohort, 277 worked at the Rubber Reserve unit which produced butadiene from ethanol (64175), and 87 at units which produced butadiene from olefin cracking. As of December 31, 1990, 176 were alive, 185 were deceased, and
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Apr 1995
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Environ Health Perspect. 103(Suppl 3):45-48.
Scientifically valid exposure assessment is crucial to risk assessment, risk management, and prevention of environmental disease. Scientists have used three tools to assess exposure: exposure history/questionnaire, environmental monitoring (including personal monitoring), and biological monitoring. Combinations of these tools usually provide the ex
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Apr 1995
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Environ Health Perspect. 103(Suppl 3):89-94.
The relationship between human exposure to environmental toxicants and health effects is of utmost interest to public health scientists. To define this relationship, these scientists need accurate and precise methods for assessing human exposure and effects. One of the most accurate and precise means of assessing exposure is to measure the level of
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