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Showing 47081 - 47100 of 82803 results
  • Characterization of an Aerosol Chamber for Human Exposures to Endotoxin
    Characterization of an Aerosol Chamber for Human Exposures to Endotoxin
    Boehlecke, Brian A. ;
    Jacobs RR
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The objective of this study was to develop and characterize an exposure chamber in which human subjects could be exposed to low dust concentrations carrying an endotoxin coating. An exposure chamber, dust dispersion method, and endotoxin characterization technique were developed for inhalation exposures. A 6.27 m3 exposure chamber was designed and ...
    Public Domain
  • Lung Surfactant Decreases IL1 and TNFA Production at the PostTranscriptional Level in LPSStimulated Alveolar Macrophages
    Lung Surfactant Decreases IL-1 and TNF-A Production at the Post-Transcriptional Level in LPS-Stimulated Alveolar Macrophages
    Bowman L ;
    Meighan T
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    We have shown previously that lung surfactant inhibits nitric oxide production at the post-transcriptional level in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages (Miles et al., Am.J.Physiol. 276:Ll86, 1999). In this study, we examined the effect of lung surfactant (200 microg phospholipid/ml), isolated from rat lung lavage, on the pro ...
    Public Domain
  • Cellular Delivery of Functional Peptides to Block Cytokine Gene Expression
    Cellular Delivery of Functional Peptides to Block Cytokine Gene Expression
    Antonini JM ;
    Luo Q
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Advances in molecular and cellular biology have identified the cellular mediators that regulate many disease processes and have facilitated the development of new therapeutic agents that control these events. However, the size, complexity, and cellular inaccessibility of these therapeutic agents make their cellular delivery difficult. Here, we desc ...
    Public Domain
  • Characterization of Asphalt Fume Generation System
    Characterization of Asphalt Fume Generation System
    Afshari B ;
    Frazer DG
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    A dynamic asphalt fume generation system (Heritage Research Group, Indianapolis, IN) was modified to provide consistent test atmospheres emulating road asphalt paving conditions. Characterization of the asphalt fume test atmospheres included (1) identification and characterization of chemical composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) b ...
    Public Domain
  • Antioxidant Balance and Free Radical Generation in Vitamin E Deficient Mice After Dermal Exposure to Cumene Hydroperoxide
    Antioxidant Balance and Free Radical Generation in Vitamin E Deficient Mice After Dermal Exposure to Cumene Hydroperoxide
    Kadiiska MB ;
    Kisin ER
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Organic peroxides are widely used in the chemical industry as initiators of oxidation for the production of polymers and fiber-reinforced plastics, in the manufacture of polyester resin coatings, and as antimicrobial agents in pharmaceuticals. Free radical production is considered to be one of the key factors contributing to skin tumor promotion by ...
    Public Domain
  • Latex Allergy in the Workplace
    Latex Allergy in the Workplace
    Germolec D ;
    Toraason MA
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The United Stales Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) estimates that 8-12% of healthcare workers are sensitized to natural-rubber latex. In addition. approximately 0.5-1% of the general population is reported to be sensitized. Clinical signs and symptoms of latex induced disease range from simple irritation to immunologic manifesta ...
    Public Domain
  • Quantitative Image Analysis of Lung Connective Tissue in Murine Silicosis
    Quantitative Image Analysis of Lung Connective Tissue in Murine Silicosis
    Antonini JM ;
    Davis GS
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Pulmonary fibrosis is a disabling consequence of many lung diseases but is difficult to quantify. Lucifer yellow CH fluorescent dye (LY) appears to stain connective tissue matrix macromolecules selectively. Laser scanning confocal microscopy can quantify the intensity of fluorescence and determine the area of fluorescent material. We hypothesized t ...
    Public Domain
  • Lipopolysaccharide LPSInduced Alterations in Airway Smooth Muscle Reactivity to EpitheliumDerived Relaxing Factor EpDRF Are OsmolyteDependent
    Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Alterations in Airway Smooth Muscle Reactivity to Epithelium-Derived Relaxing Factor (EpDRF) Are Osmolyte-Dependent
    Fedan, Jeffery S. ;
    Johnston RA
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Contractile and relaxant responses of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle can be measured in vitro using the isolated, perfused trachea (IPT) preparation, which allows agents to be added separately to the serosal (extraluminal; EL) or mucosal (intraluminal; IL) surfaces. In response to hyperosmolarity at the EL or IL surfaces, the epithelium releases ...
    Public Domain
  • Lung Inflammation and Damage After Silica Inhalation in Rats Is There Recovery
    Lung Inflammation and Damage After Silica Inhalation in Rats: Is There Recovery?
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Khan A
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Crystalline silica (quartz) is a well established lung inflammatory and fibrogenic occupational dust. Although the pulmonary effects of silica exposure in animal models has been well studied, the relationships between silica exposure and clearance (recovery) on lung inflammation and damage has not been investigated. To investigate these relationshi ...
    Public Domain
  • Indepth survey report field evaluation of Caterpillar engineering controls designed to reduce occupational exposures during asphalt paving operations manufacturer Caterpillar Paving Products paving contractor Barriere Construction location New Orleans Louisiana
    In-depth survey report: field evaluation of Caterpillar engineering controls designed to reduce occupational exposures during asphalt paving operations; manufacturer: Caterpillar Paving Products; paving contractor: Barriere Construction; location: New Orleans, Louisiana.
    Mead, Kenneth R. ;
    Mickelsen RL
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    On September 9-13, 1996, researchers from the National Institute for occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) evaluated a first-generation engineering control designed to capture and remove fugitive asphalt emissions during asphalt paving. The asphalt paving engineering control study consisted of two major phases. During the primary phase, NIOSH rese ...
    Public Domain
  • Inhaled ParticleBound Sulfate Effects on Pulmonary Inflammatory Responses and Alveolar Macrophage Function
    Inhaled Particle-Bound Sulfate: Effects on Pulmonary Inflammatory Responses and Alveolar Macrophage Function
    Antonini JM ;
    Clarke RW
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Acid sulfate-coated solid particles are a significant environmental hazard produced primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels. We have previously described a system for the nascent generation of carbonaceous particles surface coated with approximately 140 microg/m(3) acid sulfate [cpSO(4)(2-); 10 mg/m(3) carbon black (CB) and 10 ppm sulfur dioxid ...
    Public Domain
  • Residual Oil Fly Ash Slows the Clearance of Listeria monocytogenes from Rat Lungs
    Residual Oil Fly Ash Slows the Clearance of Listeria monocytogenes from Rat Lungs
    Antonini JM ;
    Barger MW
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Inhalation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) has been shown to increase pulmonary morbidity and impair lung defense mechanisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ROFA exposure on the clearance of a bacterial pathogen from the lungs. Elemental analysis revealed the ROFA particles to be comprised of Al, Si, S, Ca, V, Fe, and Ni. ...
    Public Domain
  • Field evaluation of BlawKnox prototype engineering controls designed to reduce occupational exposures during asphalt paving operations manufacturer BlawKnox paving contractor Spartan Paving paving location Shiawassee County Michigan
    Field evaluation of Blaw-Knox prototype engineering controls designed to reduce occupational exposures during asphalt paving operations; manufacturer: Blaw-Knox; paving contractor: Spartan Paving; paving location: Shiawassee County, Michigan.
    Mead, Kenneth R. ;
    Mickelsen RL
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The asphalt paving engineering control study consisted of two major phases. During the primary phase, NIOSH researchers visited each participating manufacturer and evaluated their engineering control designs under managed environmental conditions. The indoor evaluation used tracer gas analysis techniques to quantify the control's exhaust flow rate ...
    Public Domain
  • An Ion Generator for Neutralizing Concentrated Aerosols
    An Ion Generator for Neutralizing Concentrated Aerosols
    Hinds WC ;
    Kennedy NJ
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    An ion generator was developed to neutralize concentrated streams of large, highly charged particles in a low-velocity wind tunnel. The aerosol stream tested consisted of 30 mu m aluminum oxide particles (aerodynamic diameter 52 mu m) at a flow rate of 9.6 m3/h (160 L min) and a mass concentration of 43 g/m3. The average number of excess charges pe ...
  • Obesity as a Potential Risk Factor for Susceptibility to Neurotoxic Insult
    Obesity as a Potential Risk Factor for Susceptibility to Neurotoxic Insult
    O'Callaghan JP ;
    Sriram K
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Obesity is a major risk factor associated with a variety of diseases including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and certain cancers. Little information exists, however, as to whether obesity modifies the response of the central nervous system (CNS) to neural injury. The purpose of the present study was to determine if obesity serves as a predispo ...
    Public Domain
  • RedoxCycling of Phenols Causes Depletion of GSH Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes NHEKS
    Redox-Cycling of Phenols Causes Depletion of GSH, Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEKS)
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Kaga VE
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Exposure to phenolic compounds is associated with neuro-, myelo-, immue , geno-, and dermotoxicity in skin, phenols cause rash and inflammation, cotact and irritant dermatitis, leucoderma and cancer promotion. The biochemical mechanisms responsible for cytotoxicity of phenolic compounds are not well understood. We hypothesized that the cytotoxic ef ...
    Public Domain
  • Personal Monitoring Instrument for the Selective Measurement of Multiple Organic Vapors
    Personal Monitoring Instrument for the Selective Measurement of Multiple Organic Vapors
    Park J ;
    Zellers ET
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Development and laboratory testing of a small instrument capable of recognizing and quantifying multiple organic vapors at low- and sub-ppm concentrations is described. The instrument is slightly larger than a standard personal sampling pump and employs an array of three polymer-coated surface-acoustic-wave microsensors for vapor detection. Vapors ...
  • Identification and Characterization of TIG1 A Novel TCDDInducible Gene
    Identification and Characterization of TIG1: A Novel TCDD-Inducible Gene
    Baldwin KT ;
    Ma Q
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) is a prototype of a class of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, which are mostly byproducts of industrial processes and combustion of fuels. Many of the chemicals are persistent environmental contaminants. TCDD elicits a wide range of toxic responses in animals and impose a threat to human health. The aryl ...
    Public Domain
  • Elevated Oxidative Stress in Skin of B6C3FL Mice Affects Dermal Exposure to Machine Working Fluid
    Elevated Oxidative Stress in Skin of B6C3FL Mice Affects Dermal Exposure to Machine Working Fluid
    Al-Humadi N ;
    Castranova, Vincent
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Metal working fluids (MWFs) are widely used for metal cutting, drilling, shaping, lubricating and milling in the industrial world. Potential for dermal and inhalation exposure to MWFs exists in a large number of worker via aerosols, splashing during the machining process, and other industrial operations. Both females and males are involved in these ...
    Public Domain
  • Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 9307952783 US Silica Columbia Cayce W Columbia SC
    Health Hazard Evaluation Report: HETA 93-0795-2783: U.S. Silica - Columbia, Cayce - W. Columbia, SC
    Filios, Margaret S.
    2000/03/01 | Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE)
    In July 1991, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for technical assistance from the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) to estimate the prevalence of silicosis among active and retired miners at U.S. Silica Company's Columbia plant, in Cayce-W. Columbia, South Carolina. Current and former wo ...
    Public Domain
47081 - 47100 / 82803