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Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It offers the latest scientific information on emerging infectious diseases and trends. Emerging Infectious Diseases is freely available to the public as Diamond Open Access. For more on EID, visit https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid.
Falcone, V., Ridder, G. J., Panning, M., Bierbaum, S., Neumann-Haefelin, D., & Huzly, D. (2011). Human Bocavirus DNA in Paranasal Sinus Mucosa. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101944
Falcone, Valeria, Gerd J. Ridder, Marcus Panning, Sibylle Bierbaum, Dieter Neumann-Haefelin, and Daniela Huzly. Human Bocavirus DNA in Paranasal Sinus Mucosa. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101944.
Chua, K. B., Voon, K., Yu, M., Ali, W. N. A. W., Kasri, A. R., & Wang, L. F. (2011). Saffold Virus Infection in Children, Malaysia, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101380
Chua, Kaw Bing, Kenny Voon, Meng Yu, Wan Nor Azlina Wan Ali, Abdul Rasid Kasri, and Lin-Fa Wang. Saffold Virus Infection in Children, Malaysia, 2009. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101380.
Immunoglobulin G against Whitewater Arroyo virus or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus was found in 41 (3.5%) of 1,185 persons in the United States who had acute central nervous system disease or undifferentiated febrile illnesses. The results of analyses of antibody titers in paired serum samples suggest that a North American Tacaribe serocomplex
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Milazzo, Mary Louise, Grant L. Campbell, and Charles F. Fulhorst. Novel Arenavirus Infection in Humans, United States. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110285.
Enterovirus 68 strains were detected in 14 specimens from children with respiratory tract infections and 1 specimen from a child with febrile convulsions during 2010 in Osaka, Japan. These strains had deletions in the 5' untranslated region and were genetically different from reported strains. This virus is associated with respiratory tract infecti
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Kaida, A., Kubo, H., Sekiguchi, J. i., Kohdera, U., Togawa, M., Shiomi, M., Nishigaki, T., & Iritani, N. (2011). Enterovirus 68 in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, Osaka, Japan. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110028
Kaida, Atsushi, Hideyuki Kubo, Jun-ichiro Sekiguchi, Urara Kohdera, Masao Togawa, Masashi Shiomi, Toshinori Nishigaki, and Nobuhiro Iritani. Enterovirus 68 in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, Osaka, Japan. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110028.
Kaida, Atsushi, et al. Enterovirus 68 in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, Osaka, Japan. 2011, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110028.
In 2007, nonsuppurative encephalitis was identified in a killer whale at a Texas, USA, marine park. Panviral DNA microarray of brain tissue suggested West Nile virus (WNV); WNV was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR and sequencing. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated WNV antigen within neurons. WNV should be considered in cases of encephalitis in
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Supporting Files
St. Leger, J., Wu, G., Anderson, M., Dalton, L., Nilson, E., & Wang, D. (2011). West Nile Virus Infection in Killer Whale, Texas, USA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101979
St. Leger, Judy, Guang Wu, Mark Anderson, Les Dalton, Erika Nilson, and David Wang. West Nile Virus Infection in Killer Whale, Texas, USA, 2007. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101979.
On November 4, 2010, the Republic of the Congo declared a poliomyelitis outbreak. A cross-sectional survey in Pointe-Noire showed poor sanitary conditions and low vaccination coverage (55.5%), particularly among young adults. Supplementary vaccination should focus on older age groups in countries with evidence of immunity gaps.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Le Menach, A., Llosa, A. E., Mouniaman-Nara, I., Kouassi, F., Ngala, J., Boxall, N., Porten, K., & Grais, R. F. (2011). Poliomyelitis Outbreak,Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo, September 2010–February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110195
Le Menach, Arnaud, Augusto E. Llosa, Isabelle Mouniaman-Nara, Felix Kouassi, Joseph Ngala, Naomi Boxall, Klaudia Porten, and Rebecca F. Grais. Poliomyelitis Outbreak,Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo, September 2010–February 2011. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110195.
Le Menach, Arnaud, et al. Poliomyelitis Outbreak,Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo, September 2010–February 2011. 2011, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110195.
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is a recently discovered virus that causes 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas. We examined data for 564 gay/bisexual male participants >18 years of age in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, and found that 447 (79.3%) were MCV-antibody positive at initial enrollment. Of the 117 MCV-seronegat
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Supporting Files
Tolstov, Y. L., Knauer, A., Chen, J. G., Kensler, T. W., Kingsley, L. A., Moore, P. S., & Chang, Y. (2011). Asymptomatic Primary Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection among Adults. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110079
Tolstov, Yanis L., Alycia Knauer, Jian Guo Chen, Thomas W. Kensler, Lawrence A. Kingsley, Patrick S. Moore, and Yuan Chang. Asymptomatic Primary Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection among Adults. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110079.
During the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak, Minnesota, New Mexico, and Oregon used several surveillance methods to detect associated deaths. Surveillance using unexplained death and medical examiner data allowed for detection of 34 (18%) pandemic (H1N1) 2009-associated deaths that were not detected by hospital-based surveillance.
Supporting Files
Lees, C. H., Avery, C., Asherin, R., Rainbow, J., Danila, R., Smelser, C., Schmitz, A., Ladd-Wilson, S., Nolte, K. B., Nagle, K., & Lynfield, R. (2011). Pandemic (H1N1) 2009–associated Deaths Detected by Unexplained Death and Medical Examiner Surveillance. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101914
Lees, Christine H., Catherine Avery, Ryan Asherin, Jean Rainbow, Richard Danila, Chad Smelser, and Ann Schmitz, et al.. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009–associated Deaths Detected by Unexplained Death and Medical Examiner Surveillance. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101914.
Lees, Christine H., et al. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009–associated Deaths Detected by Unexplained Death and Medical Examiner Surveillance. 2011, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101914.
To identify risk factors for death from pandemic (H1N1) 2009, we obtained data for 157 hospitalized patients with confirmed cases of this disease. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes and class III obesity were associated with death. These findings helped define priority vaccination groups in Brazil.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Yokota, R. T., Skalinski, L. M., Igansi, C. N., de Souza, L. R., Iser, B. P., Reis, P. O., Barros, E. N., Macário, E. M., Bercini, M. A., Ranieri, T. M., & Araújo, W. N. (2011). Risk Factors for Death from Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Southern Brazil. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101233
Yokota, Renata T.C., Lacita M. Skalinski, Cristine N. Igansi, Libia R.O. de Souza, Betine P.M. Iser, Priscilleyne O. Reis, and Eliana N.C. Barros, et al.. Risk Factors for Death from Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Southern Brazil. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101233.
Provacia, L. B. V., Smits, S. L., Martina, B. E., Raj, V. S., van der Doel, P., van Amerongen, G., Moorman-Roest, H., Osterhaus, A. D., & Haagmans, B. L. (2011). Enteric Coronavirus in Ferrets, the Netherlands. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110115
Provacia, Lisette B. V., Saskia L. Smits, Byron E. Martina, V. Stalin Raj, Petra van der Doel, Geert van Amerongen, Hanneke Moorman-Roest, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, and Bart L. Haagmans. Enteric Coronavirus in Ferrets, the Netherlands. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110115.
Of 233 households with laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Navarre, Spain, only 64% (107/166) of contacts with influenza-like illness had sought medical care. This value was lower for adults (53%, 39/74) than for children <15 years of age (74%, 68/92), as well as for those with cases secondary to another household case (58%, 64/111).
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Burgui, R., Martínez-Baz, I., Guevara, M., Carlos, S., & Castilla, J. (2011). Use of Medical Care during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Navarre, Spain. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101817
Burgui, Rosana, Iván Martínez-Baz, Marcela Guevara, Silvia Carlos, and Jesús Castilla. Use of Medical Care during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Navarre, Spain. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101817.
Since 2006, canine distemper outbreaks have occurred in rhesus monkeys at a breeding farm in Guangxi, People's Republic of China. Approximately 10,000 animals were infected (25%-60% disease incidence); 5%-30% of infected animals died. The epidemic was controlled by vaccination. Amino acid sequence analysis of the virus indicated a unique strain.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Qiu, W., Zheng, Y., Zhang, S., Fan, Q., Liu, H., Zhang, F., Wang, W., Liao, G., & Hu, R. (2011). Canine Distemper Outbreak in Rhesus Monkeys, China. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101153
In September 2010, an unusually high number of wild birds (partridges and pheasants) died in Cádiz in southwestern Spain. Reverse transcription PCR and virus isolation detected flavivirus infections. Complete nucleotide sequence analysis identified Bagaza virus, a flavivirus with a known distribution that includes sub-Saharan Africa and India, as t
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Agüero, M., Fernández-Pinero, J., Buitrago, D., Sánchez, A., Elizalde, M., San Miguel, E., Villalba, R., Llorente, F., & Jiménez-Clavero, M. �. (2011). Bagaza Virus in Partridges and Pheasants, Spain, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110077
Agüero, Montserrat, Jovita Fernández-Pinero, Dolores Buitrago, Azucena Sánchez, Maia Elizalde, Elena San Miguel, Ruben Villalba, Francisco Llorente, and Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero. Bagaza Virus in Partridges and Pheasants, Spain, 2010. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110077.
To determine the relationship of coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) to prototype CA16-G10, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of circulating CA16 strains in China. Complex recombinant forms of CA16-related viruses involving multiple human enteroviruses, subgroup A (CA4, CA16, and enterovirus 71), are prevalent among patients with hand, foot, and mouth dis
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Supporting Files
Zhao, K., Han, X., Wang, G., Hu, W., Zhang, W., & Yu, X. F. (2011). Circulating Coxsackievirus A16 Identified as Recombinant Type A Human Enterovirus, China. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101719
Zhao, Ke, Xue Han, Guanjun Wang, Wei Hu, Wenyan Zhang, and Xiao-Fang Yu. Circulating Coxsackievirus A16 Identified as Recombinant Type A Human Enterovirus, China. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101719.
Zhao, Ke, et al. Circulating Coxsackievirus A16 Identified as Recombinant Type A Human Enterovirus, China. 2011, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101719.
Taniguchi, S., Watanabe, S., Masangkay, J. S., Omatsu, T., Ikegami, T., Alviola, P., Ueda, N., Iha, K., Fujii, H., Ishii, Y., Mizutani, T., Fukushi, S., Saijo, M., Kurane, I., Kyuwa, S., Akashi, H., Yoshikawa, Y., & Morikawa, S. (2011). Reston Ebolavirus Antibodies in Bats, the Philippines. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101693
Taniguchi, Satoshi, Shumpei Watanabe, Joseph S. Masangkay, Tsutomu Omatsu, Tetsuro Ikegami, Phillip Alviola, and Naoya Ueda, et al.. Reston Ebolavirus Antibodies in Bats, the Philippines. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101693.
The Dynamic Continuous-Area Space-Time (DYCAST) system is a biologically based spatiotemporal model that uses public reports of dead birds to identify areas at high risk for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission to humans. In 2005, during a statewide epidemic of WNV (880 cases), the California Department of Public Health prospectively implemented DYCA
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Supporting Files
Carney, R. M., Ahearn, S. C., McConchie, A., Glaser, C., Jean, C., Barker, C., Park, B., Padgett, K., Parker, E., Aquino, E., & Kramer, V. (2011). Early Warning System for West Nile Virus Risk Areas, California, USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.100411
Carney, Ryan M., Sean C. Ahearn, Alan McConchie, Carol Glaser, Cynthia Jean, Chris Barker, and Bborie Park, et al.. Early Warning System for West Nile Virus Risk Areas, California, USA. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.100411.
Mickail, Nardeen, Natalie C. Klein, and Burke A. Cunha. West Nile Virus Aseptic Meningitis and Stuttering in Woman. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101691.
Butt, S., Idrees, M., Rehman, I. U., Akbar, H., Shahid, M., Afzal, S., Younas, S., & Amin, I. (2011). Mixed Genotype Infections with Hepatitis C Virus, Pakistan. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.100950
Butt, Sadia, Muhammad Idrees, Irshad Ur Rehman, Haji Akbar, Muhammad Shahid, Samia Afzal, Saima Younas, and Iram Amin. Mixed Genotype Infections with Hepatitis C Virus, Pakistan. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.100950.
African swine fever virus p72 genotype IX, associated with outbreaks in eastern Africa, is cocirculating in the Republic of the Congo with West African genotype I. Data suggest that viruses from eastern Africa are moving into western Africa, increasing the threat of outbreaks caused by novel viruses in this region.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Gallardo, C., Anchuelo, R., Pelayo, V., Poudevigne, F., Leon, T., Nzoussi, J., Bishop, R., Pérez, C., Soler, A., Nieto, R., Martín, H., & Arias, M. (2011). African Swine Fever Virus p72 Genotype IX in Domestic Pigs, Congo, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101877
Gallardo, Carmina, Raquel Anchuelo, Virginia Pelayo, Frédéric Poudevigne, Tati Leon, Jacques Nzoussi, and Richard Bishop, et al.. African Swine Fever Virus p72 Genotype IX in Domestic Pigs, Congo, 2009. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.101877.
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