A .gov website belongs to an official government
organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means
you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It offers the latest scientific information on emerging infectious diseases and trends. Emerging Infectious Diseases is freely available to the public as Diamond Open Access. For more on EID, visit https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid.
Dementia developed in a patient with widespread neurologic manifestations; she died within 5 months. Pathologic findings showed granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis, foreign body-type giant cells, and proliferative endarteritis with vascular occlusions. Broad-range polymerase chain reaction identified Mycobacterium neoaurum as the pos
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Heckman, G. A., Hawkins, C., Morris, A., Burrows, L. L., & Bergeron, C. (2004). Rapidly Progressive Dementia Due to Mycobacterium neoaurum Meningoencephalitis. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030711
Heckman, George A., Cynthia Hawkins, Andrew Morris, Lori L. Burrows, and Catherine Bergeron. Rapidly Progressive Dementia Due to Mycobacterium neoaurum Meningoencephalitis. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030711.
Heckman, George A., et al. Rapidly Progressive Dementia Due to Mycobacterium neoaurum Meningoencephalitis. 2004, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030711.
Kelly, P. J., Meads, N., Theobald, A., Fournier, P. E., & Raoult, D. (2004). Rickettsia felis, Bartonella henselae, and B. clarridgeiae, New Zealand. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030986
Kelly, Patrick J., Natalie Meads, Anita Theobald, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, and Didier Raoult. Rickettsia felis, Bartonella henselae, and B. clarridgeiae, New Zealand. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030986.
We obtained 475 nucleotides of the DNA polymerase gene of a novel human herpesvirus 8 homolog sequence in a gibbon. The finding of this new gibbon virus, which clusters with a related chimpanzee virus in the rhadinovirus 2 genogroup, suggests the existence of a novel gamma-2-herpesvirus in humans.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Duprez, R., Boulanger, E., Roman, Y., & Gessain, A. (2004). Novel γ-2-Herpesvirus of the Rhadinovirus 2 Lineage in Gibbons. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030964
Duprez, Renan, Emmanuelle Boulanger, Yannick Roman, and Antoine Gessain. Novel γ-2-Herpesvirus of the Rhadinovirus 2 Lineage in Gibbons. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030964.
This study found infrequent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus to healthcare workers involved in the care of the first five case-patients in Taiwan, despite a substantial number of unprotected exposures. Nonetheless, given that SARS has been highly transmissible on some occasions, we still recommend strict precauti
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Chen, Y. C., Chen, P. J., Chang, S. C., Kao, C. L., Wang, S. H., Wang, L. H., & Yang, P. C. (2004). Infection Control and SARS Transmission among Healthcare Workers, Taiwan. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030777
Chen, Yee-Chun, Pei-Jer Chen, Shan-Chwen Chang, Chiang-Lian Kao, Shiou-Hwa Wang, Li-Hua Wang, and Pan-Chyr Yang. Infection Control and SARS Transmission among Healthcare Workers, Taiwan. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030777.
The healthcare setting was important in the early spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in both Toronto and Taiwan. Healthcare workers, patients, and visitors were at increased risk for infection. Nonetheless, the ability of individual SARS patients to transmit disease was quite variable. Unrecognized SARS case-patients were a primary
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
McDonald, L. C., Simor, A. E., Su, I. J., Maloney, S., Ofner, M., Chen, K. T., Lando, J. F., McGeer, A., Lee, M. L., & Jernigan, D. B. (2004). SARS in Healthcare Facilities, Toronto and Taiwan. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030791
McDonald, L. Clifford, Andrew E. Simor, Ih-Jen Su, Susan Maloney, Marianna Ofner, Kow-Tong Chen, James F. Lando, Allison McGeer, Min-Ling Lee, and Daniel B. Jernigan. SARS in Healthcare Facilities, Toronto and Taiwan. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030791.
On May 23, 2003, Toronto experienced the second phase of a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. Ninety cases were confirmed, and >620 potential cases were managed. More than 9,000 persons had contact with confirmed or potential case-patients; many required quarantine. The main hospital involved during the second outbreak was North Yor
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Loutfy, M. R., Wallington, T., Rutledge, T., Mederski, B., Rose, K., Kwolek, S., McRitchie, D., Ali, A., Wolff, B., White, D., Glassman, E., Ofner, M., Low, D. E., Berger, L., McGeer, A., Wong, T., Baron, D., & Berall, G. (2004). Hospital Preparedness and SARS. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030717
Loutfy, Mona R., Tamara Wallington, Tim Rutledge, Barbara Mederski, Keith Rose, Sue Kwolek, and Donna McRitchie, et al.. Hospital Preparedness and SARS. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030717.
We report an outbreak of 235 community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among military recruits. In this unique environment, the close contact between recruits and the physical demands of training may have contributed to the spread of MRSA. Control measures included improved hygiene and aggressive clinical trea
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Zinderman, C. E., Conner, B., Malakooti, M. A., LaMar, J. E., Armstrong, A., & Bohnker, B. K. (2004). Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Military Recruits. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030604
Zinderman, Craig E., Byron Conner, Mark A. Malakooti, James E. LaMar, Adam Armstrong, and Bruce K. Bohnker. Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Military Recruits. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030604.
Zinderman, Craig E., et al. Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Military Recruits. 2004, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030604.
Tea, A., Alexiou-Daniel, S., Papoutsi, A., Papa, A., & Antoniadis, A. (2004). Bartonella Species Isolated from Rodents, Greece. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030430
Tea, Afrodite, Stella Alexiou-Daniel, Androniki Papoutsi, Anna Papa, and Antonis Antoniadis. Bartonella Species Isolated from Rodents, Greece. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030430.
Seroepidemiologic studies of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans have been limited by inadequate reagents. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using three overlapping recombinant fragments of the human Pneumocystis major surface glycoprotein (MsgA, MsgB, and MsgC) for analysis of antibody responses in HIV-positive pati
...
Supporting Files
Daly, K. R., Koch, J., Levin, L., & Walzer, P. D. (2004). Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Serologic Responses to Pneumocystis jiroveci. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030497
Daly, Kieran R., Judy Koch, Linda Levin, and Peter D. Walzer. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Serologic Responses to Pneumocystis jiroveci. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030497.
Daly, Kieran R., et al. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Serologic Responses to Pneumocystis jiroveci. 2004, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030497.
Lari, Nicoletta, Laura Rindi, Daniela Bonanni, Enrico Tortoli, and Carlo Garzelli. Beijing/W Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Italy. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.031024.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has emerged as a major threat to TB control, particularly in the former Soviet Union. To determine levels of drug resistance within a directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS) program supported by Médecins Sans Frontières in two regions in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, Central Asia, we conducted a cross-se
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Cox, H. S., Orozco, J. D., Male, R., Ruesch-Gerdes, S., Falzon, D., Small, I., Doshetov, D., Kebede, Y., & Aziz, M. (2004). Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030718
Cox, Helen Suzanne, Juan Daniel Orozco, Roy Male, Sabine Ruesch-Gerdes, Dennis Falzon, Ian Small, Darebay Doshetov, Yared Kebede, and Mohammed Aziz. Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1005.030718.
Influenza A viruses occur worldwide in wild birds and are occasionally associated with outbreaks in commercial chickens and turkeys. However, avian influenza viruses have not been isolated from wild birds or poultry in South America. A recent outbreak in chickens of H7N3 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) occurred in Chile. One month later, afte
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Suarez, D. L., Senne, D. A., Banks, J., Brown, I. H., Essen, S. C., Lee, C. W., Manvell, R. J., Mathieu-Benson, C., Moreno, V., Pedersen, J. C., Panigrahy, B., Rojas, H., Spackman, E., & Alexander, D. J. (2004). Recombination Resulting in Virulence Shift in Avian Influenza Outbreak, Chile. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14367
Suarez, David L., Dennis A. Senne, Jill Banks, Ian H. Brown, Steve C. Essen, Chang-Won Lee, and Ruth J. Manvell, et al.. Recombination Resulting in Virulence Shift in Avian Influenza Outbreak, Chile. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14367.
Suarez, David L., et al. Recombination Resulting in Virulence Shift in Avian Influenza Outbreak, Chile. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14367.
In June 2001, dengue transmission was detected in Havana, Cuba; 12,889 cases were reported. Dengue 3, the etiologic agent of the epidemic, caused the dengue hemorrhagic fever only in adults, with 78 cases and 3 deaths. After intensive vector control efforts, no new cases have been detected.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Peláez, O., Guzmán, M. G., Kourí, G., Pérez, R., San Martín, J. L., Vázquez, S., Rosario, D., Mora, R., Quintana, I., Bisset, J., Cancio, R., Masa, A. M., Castro, O., González, D., Avila, L. C., Rodríguez, R., Alvarez, M., Pelegrino, J. L., Bernardo, L., & Prado, I. (2004). Dengue 3 Epidemic, Havana, 2001. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14319
Peláez, Otto, María G. Guzmán, Gustavo Kourí, Raúl Pérez, José L. San Martín, Susana Vázquez, and Delfina Rosario, et al.. Dengue 3 Epidemic, Havana, 2001. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14319.
An aged Barbary ape (Macaca sylvanus) at the Toronto Zoo became infected with naturally acquired West Nile virus encephalitis that caused neurologic signs, which, associated with other medical problems, led to euthanasia. The diagnosis was based on immunohistochemical assay of brain lesions, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and viru
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Ølberg, R. A., Barker, I. K., Crawshaw, G. J., Bertelsen, M. F., Drebot, M. A., & Andonova, M. (2004). West Nile Virus Encephalitis in a Barbary Macaque (Macaca sylvanus). https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14474
Ølberg, Rolf-Arne, Ian K. Barker, Graham J. Crawshaw, Mads F. Bertelsen, Michael A. Drebot, and Maya Andonova. West Nile Virus Encephalitis in a Barbary Macaque (Macaca sylvanus). 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14474.
We analyzed information obtained from 1,192 patients with probable severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) reported in Hong Kong. Among them, 26.6% were hospital workers, 16.1% were members of the same household as SARS patients and had probable secondary infections, 14.3% were Amoy Gardens residents, 4.9% were inpatients, and 9.9% were contacts o
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Lau, J. T., Tsui, H., Lau, M., & Yang, X. (2004). SARS Transmission, Risk Factors, and Prevention in Hong Kong. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14458
Lau, Joseph T.F., Hiyi Tsui, Mason Lau, and Xilin Yang. SARS Transmission, Risk Factors, and Prevention in Hong Kong. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14458.
Optimization of methods for ruling out Bacillus anthracis leads to increased yields, faster turnaround times, and a lighter workload. We used 72 environmental non-B. anthracis bacilli to validate methods for ruling out B. anthracis. Most effective were the use of horse blood agar, motility testing after isolates had a 2-h incubation in trypticase s
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Papaparaskevas, J., Houhoula, D. P., Papadimitriou, M., Saroglou, G., Legakis, N. J., & Zerva, L. (2004). Ruling Out Bacillus anthracis. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14431
Papaparaskevas, Joseph, Dimitra P. Houhoula, Maria Papadimitriou, Georgios Saroglou, Nicholas J. Legakis, and Loukia Zerva. Ruling Out Bacillus anthracis. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14431.
An outbreak of dengue fever occurred among employees of a recreation club in Bangladesh. Occupational transmission was characterized by a 12% attack rate, no dengue among family contacts, and Aedes vectors in club areas. Early recognition of the outbreak likely limited its impact.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Wagatsuma, Y., Breiman, R. F., Hossain, A., & Rahman, M. (2004). Dengue Fever Outbreak in a Recreation Club, Dhaka, Bangladesh. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14343
Wagatsuma, Yukiko, Robert F. Breiman, Anowar Hossain, and Mahbubur Rahman. Dengue Fever Outbreak in a Recreation Club, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14343.
Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website.
Linking to a non-federal Website does not constitute an
endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the
information and products presented on the website.
You will be subject to the destination website's privacy
policy when you follow the link.
CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance
(accessibility) on other federal or private websites.
For more information on CDC's web notification policies, see Website Disclaimers.