Pilot randomized controlled trial of a Mediterranean diet or diet supplemented with fish oil, walnuts, and grape juice in overweight or obese US adults

Details

• Alternative Title:
  BMC Nutr
• Personal Author:
  Jaacks, Lindsay M. ; Sher, Salman ; Staercke, Christine De ; Porkert, Markus ; Alexander, Wayne R. ; Jones, Dean P. ; Vaccarino, Viola ; Ziegler, Thomas R. ; Quyyumi, Arshed A.
• Description:
  Background:
  
  The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend a Mediterranean-type diet as one of three healthful eating patterns. However, only one previous trial has evaluated the effects of a Mediterranean diet intervention in a US sample population.
  
  Methods:
  
  To address this gap, we conducted a pilot, non-blinded, 8-week randomized controlled trial on the comparative efficacy of consumption of a Mediterranean diet or a diet supplemented with fish oil, walnuts, and grape juice versus controls. Participants (overweight or obese US adults; 73% female and mean age 51 years) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) Mediterranean diet; (2) habitual high-fat American-type diet supplemented with fish oil, walnuts, and grape juice; or (3) habitual high-fat American-type diet (controls). Intent-to-treat analysis of within-subject differences (Student’s paired t-test or Wilcoxon sign ranks test) and between-subject differences (mixed-effects models with a group-by-time interaction term, adjusted for baseline health outcome) was conducted.
  
  Results:
  
  Participants in the Mediterranean diet arm (n = 11) had significantly greater weight loss despite no significant change in total caloric intake, and lower plasma cystine, indicative of decreased oxidative stress, compared to controls (n = 9) at both 4 and 8 weeks. Compared to controls, they also had significantly lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at 4 weeks. Participants in the supplement arm (n = 10) had significantly lower adiponectin levels compared to controls at 4 weeks. No significant improvements in endothelial function or inflammatory biomarkers were observed in either intervention group compared to controls.
  
  Conclusion:
  
  These results suggest that adopting a dietary pattern reflecting a Mediterranean diet improves weight and cardio-metabolic health among overweight or obese US adults, and may be more beneficial than supplementing habitual American diets with fish oil, walnuts, and grape juice.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Article Endothelial Function Hyperlipidemia Mediterranean Diet Omega-3 Fatty Acids Oxidative Stress
• Source:
  BMC Nutr. 4.
• Pubmed ID:
  30271610
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC6159217
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  R56 HL126558/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; K24 DK096574/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States ; UL1 TR000454/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; U01 HL079156/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; U10 HL110302/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; P20 HL113451/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; P01 HL101398/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
• Volume:
  4
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:f31ed0159017693e8bf3c2c7e6f2f43fd8de6a9f8f42f9b331477c735fe261a6
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/59589/cdc_59589_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 633.99 KB ]