29578955

PMC5893375

Background

There is interest in assessing healthcare utilization and expenditures among new Medicaid enrollees after the 2014 Medicaid expansion. Recent studies have not differentiated between newly enrolled individuals and those returning after coverage gaps.

Objectives

To assess healthcare expenditures among Medicaid enrollees in the 24 months after Oregon’s 2014 Medicaid expansions and examine whether expenditure patterns were different among the newly, returning, and continuously insured.

Research Design

Retrospective cohort study using inverse-propensity weights to adjust for differences between groups.

Subjects

Oregon adult Medicaid beneficiaries insured continuously from 2014-2015 who were either newly, returning, or continuously insured.

Measures

Monthly expenditures for inpatient care, prescription drugs, total outpatient care, and subdivisions of outpatient care: emergency department (ED), dental, mental and behavioral health (MBH), primary care (PC), and specialist care.

Results

After initial increases, newly and returning insured outpatient expenditures dropped below continuously insured. Expenditures for ED and dental services among the returning insured remained higher than among the newly insured. Newly insured MBH, PC, and specialist expenditures plateaued higher than returning insured. Prescription drug expenditures increased over time for all groups, with continuously insured highest and returning insured lowest. All groups had similar inpatient expenditures over 24 months post-Medicaid expansion.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal that outpatient expenditures for new non-pregnant, non-dual-eligible Oregon Medicaid recipients stabilized over time after meeting pent-up demand, and prior insurance history affected the mix of services that individuals received. Policy evaluations should consider expenditures over at least 24 months and should account for enrollees’ prior insurance histories.

CDC Public Access

U18DP006116/ACL HHS/United States
R01 CA204267/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
R01 HS024270/HS/AHRQ HHS/United States
U18 DP006116/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States
R01 CA181452/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States