Impact of rotavirus vaccine on all-cause diarrhea and rotavirus hospitalizations in Madagascar

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Vaccine
• Personal Author:
  Rahajamanana, VL ; Raboba, JL ; Rakotozanany, A ; Razafindraibe, NJ ; Andriatahirintsoa, EJPR ; Razafindrakoto, AC ; Mioramalala, SA ; Razaiarimanga, C ; Weldegebriel, GG ; Burnett, E ; Mwenda, JM ; Seheri, ; Mphahlele, MJ ; Robinson, AL
• Description:
  Background
  
  Rotavirus vaccine was introduced into the Extended Program on Immunization in Madagascar in May 2014. We analyzed trends in prevalence of all cause diarrhea and rotavirus hospitalization in children < 5 years of age before and after vaccine introduction and assessed trend rotavirus genotypes circulating at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Tsaralalàna (CHU MET).
  
  Methods
  
  From January 2010 to December 2016, we reviewed the logbook admission to observe the rate of hospitalization caused by gastroenteritis among 19619 children < 5 years of age admitted to hospital In June 2013–Dec 2016. Active rotavirus surveillance was also conducted at CHUMET with support from WHO. Rotavirus was detected by EIA from stool specimen of children with gastroenteritis eligible surveillance at sentinel site laboratory and rotavirus positive specimens were further genotyped at Regional Reference Laboratory by PCR.
  
  Results
  
  Diarrhea hospitalizations decreased after rotavirus vaccine introduction. The median proportion of annual hospitalizations due to diarrhea was 26% (range: 31% to 22%) before vaccine introduction; the proportion was 25% the year of vaccine introduction, 17% in 2015 and 16% in 2016. Rotavirus positivity paralleled patterns observed in diarrhea. Before vaccine introduction, 56% of stool specimens tested positive for rotavirus; the percent positive was 13% in 2015, 12% in 2016. 21 distinct genotypes were detected in the pre-vaccine period; the most common were G3P[8] (n=53; 66%), G2P[4] (n=12; 15%), and G1P[8] (n=11; 14%). 6 distinct genotypes were found in 2015; the most common genotype was G2P[4] (n=10; 67%).
  
  Conclusions
  
  Following rotavirus vaccine introduction all-cause diarrhea and rotavirus-specific hospitalizations declined dramatically.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Antigens, Viral Article Child, Preschool Diarrhea Feces Gastroenteritis Genotype Hospitalization Hospital Records Humans Immunization Programs Infant Prevalence Rotavirus Rotavirus Infections Rotavirus Vaccines Sentinel Surveillance Vaccination Vaccines, Attenuated

  More +
• Source:
  Vaccine. 36(47):7198-7204
• Pubmed ID:
  28958809
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5867203
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  001/World Health Organization/International ; CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
• Place as Subject:
  Madagascar
• Volume:
  36
• Issue:
  47
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:e6e8e1fa2dfc603c0aa4b4494a5e007f5e7c4414bcba01f2662b3d274d49e485
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/52830/cdc_52830_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 860.28 KB ]