Associations between long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular lipid risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes: SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Diabetes Complications
• Personal Author:
  Couch, Sarah C. ; Crandell, Jamie ; King, Irena ; Peairs, Abigail ; Shah, Amy S ; Dolan, Lawrence M ; Tooze, Janet ; Crume, Tessa ; Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth
• Description:
  Purpose
  
  In this longitudinal study we explored the relationships between plasma n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and Δ5 and Δ6 desaturase activities (D5D and D6D, respectively) and fasting lipids in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  
  Methods
  
  Incident cases of T1D in youth <20 years of age who were seen for a baseline study visit (N=914) and a 1-year follow-up visit (N=416) were included. Fasting blood samples were obtained at each visit and plasma phospholipid n-6 PUFAs were measured, which included linoleic acid (LA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (AA); n-3 PUFAs included α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Estimated D5D and D6D were calculated as FA product-to-precursor ratios, where D5D= AA/DGLA and D6D = DGLA/LA. To examine the longitudinal relationships between long chain PUFAs, desaturase activities and fasting plasma lipids in youth with T1D mixed effects models were used for each individual PUFAs, D5D and D6D, adjusted for demographics, clinic site, diabetes duration, insulin regimen, insulin dose/kg, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity score, and body mass index with random effects to account for the repeated measurements.
  
  Findings
  
  Favorable lipid associations were found between LA and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (β= −0.58, P<0.05); AA, plasma triglycerides (TG) (β= −0.04, P<0.05) and TG/ high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C ratio (β= −0.04, P<0.05); and D5D, plasma TG (β= −0.2, P<0.05) and TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β= −0.23, P<0.05). Findings were mixed for the n-3 PUFAs and DGLA: ALA was positively associated with plasma TG (β= 0.33, P<0.05) and HDL cholesterol (β= 9.86, P<0.05); EPA was positively associated with total cholesterol (β= 8.17, P<0.05), LDL cholesterol (β=5.74, P<0.01) and HDL cholesterol (β= 2.27, P<0.01); and DGLA was positively associated with TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β= 0.05, P<0.05)
  
  Conclusion
  
  Findings suggest that the most abundant PUFA, LA as well as its metabolic bi-product AA, may be important targets for CVD lipid risk factor reduction in youth with T1D.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Cardiovascular Diseases Child Cholesterol, HDL Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetic Angiopathies Fatty Acids, Unsaturated Female Humans Lipoproteins, LDL Longitudinal Studies Male Nutrition Surveys Risk Factors Triglycerides

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• Keywords:
  Cardiovascular Disease Desaturase Lipids Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Type 1 Diabetes
• Source:
  J Diabetes Complications. 31(1):67-73
• Pubmed ID:
  27836680
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5384101
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  P30 DK057516/DK/NIDDK NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U18 DP002710/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U18 DP006134/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; UL1 TR000154/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U18 DP002714/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DP000248/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DP000244/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; UL1 RR029882/RR/NCRR NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U18 DP002709/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; P30 DK056350/DK/NIDDK NIH HHSUnited States/ ; UL1 TR000077/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States/ ; UL1 TR000423/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DP000250/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U18 DP002708/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; HIR 10-001/HX/HSRD VAUnited States/ ; U01 DP000247/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; R01 DK077949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHSUnited States/ ; UL1 TR001425/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States/ ; UL1 TR002319/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DP000246/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DP000254/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  31
• Issue:
  1
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:3571ed0721703ae786a3950525d61346104da9b3946d5680ec267390e34fdb4b
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/50677/cdc_50677_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 441.02 KB ]