Seasonal Influenza Vaccination of Children Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Beyond the Current Season: Cross-reactivity With Past and Future Strains

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Infect Dis
• Personal Author:
  Reber, Adrian J. ; Kim, Jin Hyang ; Coleman, Laura A. ; Spencer, Sarah M. ; Chung, Jessie R. ; Chen, Jufu ; Gargiullo, Paul ; Sundaram, Maria E. ; Belongia, Edward A. ; Shay, David K. ; Katz, Jacqueline M. ; Sambhara, Suryaprakash
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• Description:
  Background ; Influenza viruses gradually accumulate point mutations, reducing the effectiveness of prior immune protection. ; Methods ; Children aged 9–14 years received 2010–2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Vaccination history, hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers, and cell-mediated immune responses were assessed to investigate the cross-reactivity with past and future influenza virus strains. ; Results ; 2010–2011 TIV induced significant T-cell responses and HI titers of ≥160, with a fold-rise of ≥4 and titers of ≥100 maintained for >7 months in the majority of children. Pre-existing memory B cells in these children differentiated quickly to antibody-secreting cells to the new vaccine antigens. Children vaccinated in the previous year maintained high HI titers well into 2010, demonstrating elevated HI titers against A/Perth/16/2009, the future (in 2010–2011) H3N2 component. Prior vaccination enhanced CD8+ T-cell responses to A/Perth/16/2009. Children vaccinated with the prior 2009–2010 seasonal vaccine also demonstrated higher preexisting levels of interferon γ–secreting CD4+CD69+ T cells to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Children previously vaccinated with 2009–2010 seasonal influenza vaccine also showed greater expansion of tumor necrosis factor α–secreting CD8+CD69+ T cells to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) upon vaccination in the 2010–2011 season than those who were not previously vaccinated. ; Conclusions ; Seasonal influenza viruses continuously drift, which allows them to circumvent protective immunity, but conserved epitopes provide immunological cross-reactivity in children through either vaccination directly or through prime/boost in the prior influenza season.
• Keywords:
  • B cell
  • children
  • cross-reactivity
  • hemagglutination inhibition
  • immune response
  • influenza
  • T cell
  • vaccine
  • Adolescent
  • Antibodies, Viral
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• Source:
  J Infect Dis. 214(10):1477-1486
• Pubmed ID:
  27571905
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5731644
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  214
• Issue:
  10
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/50559/cdc_50559_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 817.94 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:aa7cbf466263795db29ea7cdad4cfa2673194a19dea5031d94616656d88f949c