Vitamin D deficiency is associated with IL-6 levels and monocyte activation in HIV-infected persons

Details

• Alternative Title:
  PLoS One
• Personal Author:
  Manion, Maura ; Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler ; Wilson, Eleanor M. P. ; Rhame, Frank ; Kojic, Erna ; Gibson, David ; Hammer, John ; Patel, Pragna ; Brooks, John T. ; Baker, Jason V. ; Sereti, Irini
• Corporate Authors:
  for the Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Effective Antiretroviral Therapy (the ‘SUN Study’) Investigators
• Description:
  Background
  
  Immune activation plays a key role in HIV pathogenesis. Markers of inflammation have been associated with vitamin D deficiency in the general population. Studies have also demonstrated associations of vitamin D deficiency with increased risk of HIV progression and death. The relationship between persistent inflammation and immune activation during chronic HIV infection and vitamin D deficiency remains unclear.
  
  Methods
  
  Cryopreserved specimens were analyzed from 663 participants at the time of enrollment from the Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy (SUN Study) from 2004 to 2006. Biomarkers of inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coagulation were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and electrochemiluminescence. 25(OH)D, the stable precursor form of vitamin D, was measured using a radioimmunoassay with levels defined as: normal (≥30ng/mL), insufficient (20–29 ng/mL) and deficient (<20 ng/mL). Monocyte phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine statistical associations between biomarkers and vitamin D deficiency.
  
  Results
  
  25(OH)D levels were deficient in 251 (38%) participants, insufficient in 222 (34%), and normal in 190 (29%). Patients with vitamin D deficiency, when compared to those with insufficient or normal vitamin D levels, had increased levels of IL-6 (23%; p<0.01), TNF-α (21%, p = 0.03), D-dimer (24%, p = 0.01), higher proportions of CD14dimCD16+ (22%, p<0.01) and CX3CR1+ monocytes (48%; p<0.001) and decreased frequency of CCR2+ monocytes (-3.4%, p<0.001). In fully adjusted models, vitamin D associations with abnormal biomarker levels persisted for IL-6 levels and CX3CR1+ and CCR2+ phenotypes.
  
  Conclusions
  
  Vitamin D deficiency is associated with greater inflammation and activated monocyte phenotypes. The role of vitamin D deficiency in persistent immune activation and associated complications during chronic HIV disease should be further evaluated as a possible target for intervention.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adult Biomarkers / Blood Female HIV Infections Humans Hydroxycholecalciferols Interleukin-6 Male Monocytes Vitamin D Vitamin D Deficiency

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• Source:
  PLoS One. 12(5).
• Pubmed ID:
  28464004
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5413041
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Volume:
  12
• Issue:
  5
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:8e4f5269154f4961140b829c80739ed868207e9460a36df1a5bf0cdba4c15c35
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/45723/cdc_45723_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.28 MB ]