Passive Sampling for Indoor and Outdoor Exposures to Chlorpyrifos, Azinphos-Methyl, and Oxygen Analogs in a Rural Agricultural Community

Details

• Journal Article:
  Environmental Health Perspectives
• Personal Author:
  Gibbs, Jenna L. ; Yost, Michael G. ; Negrete, Maria ; Fenske, Richard A.
• Description:
  Background: Recent studies have highlighted the increased potency of oxygen analogs of organophosphorus pesticides. These pesticides and oxygen analogs have previously been identified in the atmosphere following spray applications in California and Washington states. Objectives: In 2011, we used two passive sampling methods to measure organophosphorus pesticides chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, and their oxygen analogs at 14 farmworker and 9 nonfarmworker households in an agricultural region of central Washington State. Methods: The passive methods included: a) polyurethane foam passive air samplers deployed outdoors and indoors; and b) polypropylene deposition plates deployed indoors. We collected cumulative monthly samples during the pesticide application seasons and during the winter season as a control. Results: Monthly outdoor air concentrations ranged from 9.2 - 199 ng/m3 for chlorpyrifos, 0.03 - 20 ng/m3 for chlorpyrifos-oxon, < LOD - 7.3 ng/m3 for azinphos-methyl, and < LOD - 0.8 ng/m3 for azinphos-methyl-oxon. Samples from proximal households (≤ 250 m) had significantly higher outdoor air concentrations of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-oxon, and azinphos-methyl than samples from non-proximal households (p ≤ 0.02). Overall, indoor air concentrations were lower than outdoors. For example, all outdoor air samples for chlorpyrifos and 97% of samples for azinphos-methyl were above limits of detection (LOD). Indoors, only 78% of air samples for chlorpyrifos and 35% of samples for azinphos-methyl were > LOD. Samples from farmworker households had higher indoor air concentrations of both pesticides than samples from nonfarmworker households. Mean indoor/outdoor air concentration ratios for chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl were 0.17 and 0.44, respectively. Conclusions: We identified higher levels in air and on surfaces at both proximal and farmworker households. Our findings further confirm the presence of pesticides and their oxygen analogs in air, and highlight their potential for infiltration of indoor living environments. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Agriculture Air Pollution, Indoor Environmental Monitoring Farmers Insecticides Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Oxygen Safety
• Keywords:
  Agricultural industry; Pesticides and agricultural chemicals; Organophosphorus-pesticides; Oxygen; Chlorpyrifos; Azinphos-methyl; Spraying operations; Pesticide residues; Farm workers; Air sampling; Chemical deposition; Indoor environments; Outdoors; Seasonal activity; Indoor air pollution
• Source:
  Environ Health Perspect 2017 Mar; 125(3):333-341
• ISSN:
  0091-6765
• Pubmed ID:
  27517732
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5332193
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  P01 ES009601/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; U50 OH007544/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Iowa ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 7 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  9 pdf pages
• Volume:
  125
• Issue:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20048507
• Contact Point Address:
  Jenna L Gibbs, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 North Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States
• Email:
  jenna-gibbs@uiowa.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Azinphos-methyl (CAS RN 86-50-0) ; Chlorpyrifos (CAS RN 2921-88-2) ; Oxygen (CAS RN 7782-44-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2017
• NORA Priority Area:
  Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
• Performing Organization:
  University of Washington
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:1e85ee6a1515f995dd1e187cd4e58e4c98049a8b95d0830cd17a349770a8d66ac8007911836dde3d75933bfb8f47e4ad290f4b3e2940edc0b28080ebb1f6b962
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/45203/cdc_45203_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 428.51 KB ]