Measles and Rubella Seroprevalence Among HIV- Infected And Uninfected Zambian Youth

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Pediatr Infect Dis J
• Personal Author:
  Sutcliffe, Catherine G. ; Searle, Kelly ; Matakala, Hellen K. ; Greenman, Michelle ; Rainwater-Lovett, Kaitlin ; Thuma, Philip E. ; Moss, William J.
• Description:
  Background
  
  Measles and congenital rubella syndrome remain significant causes of morbidity and mortality despite available vaccines. HIV-infected youth may be at increased risk of measles because of greater waning immunity following vaccination. At a population level, they constitute a potentially large pool of susceptibles to measles and rubella. More data among HIV-infected youth in sub-Saharan Africa are needed to guide vaccination policy and control strategies.
  
  Methods
  
  This cross-sectional study was nested within two ongoing studies of malaria and HIV in Zambia. Dried blood spot cards from youth (5–15 years) in these studies from 2009–2013 were tested for IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses. HIV-uninfected youth, HIV-infected treatment-naïve youth, and HIV-infected youth receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were compared.
  
  Results
  
  617 HIV-uninfected, 144 HIV-infected treatment-naïve, and 128 HIV-infected youth receiving ART were included in the study. The proportion seropositive for measles virus was significantly higher among HIV-uninfected youth (92.5%) compared to HIV-infected treatment-naïve youth (74.1%) and HIV-infected youth receiving ART (71.9%). No differences by age were observed. The proportion seropositive for rubella virus was significantly higher among HIV-uninfected youth (54.7%) compared with HIV-infected treatment-naïve youth (41.7%) and HIV-infected youth receiving ART (49.6%), with increases observed by age for all groups.
  
  Conclusions
  
  Measles seroprevalence was lower among HIV-infected than uninfected youth, consistent with waning immunity following measles vaccination. HIV-infected youth would likely benefit from revaccination. Half of all youth in rural Zambia were susceptible to rubella and may need targeting for catch-up rubella campaigns when measles-rubella vaccine is introduced.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Antibodies, Viral Child Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Male Measles Risk Factors Rubella Seroepidemiologic Studies Zambia

  More +
• Source:
  Pediatr Infect Dis J. 36(3):301-306
• Pubmed ID:
  27879554
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5303148
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  U19 AI089680/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U2G PS001930/PS/NCHHSTP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; PEPFAR/PEPFARUnited States/
• Volume:
  36
• Issue:
  3
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:d332ec5425bd5c8b825b336a81575df7fb80c35e33078113c7d4f2d97745ca4e
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/44200/cdc_44200_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.14 MB ]