Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness for Fully and Partially Vaccinated Children 6 months to 8 Years Old during 2011–2012 and 2012–2013: The Importance of Two Priming Doses

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Pediatr Infect Dis J
• Personal Author:
  Thompson, Mark G. ; Clippard, Jessie ; Petrie, Joshua G. ; Jackson, Michael L. ; McLean, Huong Q. ; Gaglani, Manjusha ; Reis, Evelyn C. ; Flannery, Brendan ; Monto, Arnold S. ; Jackson, Lisa ; Belongia, Edward A. ; Murthy, Kempapura ; Zimmerman, Richard K. ; Thaker, Swathi ; Fry, Alicia M.
• Description:
  Background
  
  Few studies have examined the effectiveness of full vs. partial vaccination with inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines (IIV3) as defined by the U.S. CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
  
  Methods
  
  Respiratory swabs were collected from outpatients aged 6 months to 8 years with acute cough for ≤7 days in clinics in 5 states during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 influenza seasons. Influenza was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Receipt of current season IIV3 and up to 4 prior vaccinations was documented from medical records and immunization registries. Using a test-negative design, vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, medical conditions, study site, and month of enrollment.
  
  Results
  
  We did not observe higher VE for children fully vs. partially vaccinated with IIV3, as defined by U.S. ACIP, though our sample of partially vaccinated children was relatively small. However, among children aged 2–8 years in both seasons and against A(H3N2) and B influenza illness separately, VE point estimates were consistently higher for children who had received 2 doses in the same prior season compared to those without (VE range of 58–80% vs. 33–44%, respectively). Across seasons, the odds of A(H3N2) illness despite IIV3 vaccination were 2.4-fold (95% CI = 1.4–4.3) higher among children who had not received 2 doses in the same prior season. We also noted residual protection among unvaccinated children who were vaccinated the previous season (VE range = 36–40% across outcomes).
  
  Conclusion
  
  Vaccination with IIV3 may provide preventive benefit in subsequent seasons, including possible residual protection if vaccination is missed. Two vaccine doses in the same season may be more effective than alternative priming strategies.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Article Child Child, Preschool Female History, 21st Century Humans Infant Influenza, Human Influenza A Virus Influenza Vaccines Male Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Seasons Vaccination

  More +
• Source:
  Pediatr Infect Dis J. 35(3):299-308.
• Pubmed ID:
  26658375
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5218633
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  UL1 TR000005/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 RR024153/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; UL1TR000005/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; U01 IP000473/IP/NCIRD CDC HHS/United States ; CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States ; U01 IP000466/IP/NCIRD CDC HHS/United States ; U01 IP000471/IP/NCIRD CDC HHS/United States ; U01 IP000474/IP/NCIRD CDC HHS/United States ; U01 IP000467/IP/NCIRD CDC HHS/United States
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  35
• Issue:
  3
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:f08ae322adb14da2d2a6899ddcce0bad88b23abca319e00ef7648060a20d93a5
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/43708/cdc_43708_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 461.47 KB ]