Typhoid fever acquired in the United States, 1999–2010: epidemiology, microbiology, and use of a space–time scan statistic for outbreak detection

IMANISHI, M.; NEWTON, A. E.; VIEIRA, A. R.; GONZALEZ-AVILES, G.; KENDALL SCOTT, M. E.; MANIKONDA, K.; MAXWELL, T. N.; HALPIN, J. L.; FREEMAN, M. M.; MEDALLA, F.; AYERS, T. L.; DERADO, G.; MAHON, B. E.; MINTZ, E. D.

Back to Previous Page

Typhoid fever acquired in the United States, 1999–2010: epidemiology, microbiology, and use of a space–time scan statistic for outbreak detection

Published Date:

Nov 27 2014

Source:

Epidemiol Infect. 143(11):2343-2354.

Language:

English

[PDF-519.64 KB]

Details:

Alternative Title:

Epidemiol Infect

Personal Author:

IMANISHI, M. ; NEWTON, A. E. ; VIEIRA, A. R. ; GONZALEZ-AVILES, G. ; KENDALL SCOTT, M. E. ; ... More ▼

Description:

Although rare, typhoid fever cases acquired in the United States continue to be reported. Detection and investigation of outbreaks in these domestically acquired cases offer opportunities to identify chronic carriers. We searched surveillance and laboratory databases for domestically acquired typhoid fever cases, used a space-time scan statistic to identify clusters, and classified clusters as outbreaks or non-outbreaks. From 1999 to 2010, domestically acquired cases accounted for 18% of 3373 reported typhoid fever cases; their isolates were less often multidrug-resistant (2% vs. 15%) compared to isolates from travel-associated cases. We identified 28 outbreaks and two possible outbreaks within 45 space-time clusters of ⩾2 domestically acquired cases, including three outbreaks involving ⩾2 molecular subtypes. The approach detected seven of the ten outbreaks published in the literature or reported to CDC. Although this approach did not definitively identify any previously unrecognized outbreaks, it showed the potential to detect outbreaks of typhoid fever that may escape detection by routine analysis of surveillance data. Sixteen outbreaks had been linked to a carrier. Every case of typhoid fever acquired in a non-endemic country warrants thorough investigation. Space-time scan statistics, together with shoe-leather epidemiology and molecular subtyping, may improve outbreak detection.

Subject:

[+]

Pubmed ID:

25427666

Pubmed Central ID:

PMC5207021

Document Type:

Journal Article

Funding:

CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States

Place as Subject:

United States

Collection(s):

CDC Public Access

Main Document Checksum:

[+]

File Type:

Supporting Files:

	NIHMS727977-supplement-2.docx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
	nihms727977.nxml	application/octet-stream
	nihms727977f1.gif	image/gif
	nihms727977f1.jpg	image/jpeg
	nihms727977f2.gif	image/gif
	nihms727977f2.jpg	image/jpeg
	nihms727977f3.gif	image/gif
	nihms727977f3.jpg	image/jpeg

No Related Documents.

Typhoid fever acquired in the United States, 1999–2010: epidemiology, microbiology, and use of a space–time scan statistic for outbreak detection

Typhoid fever acquired in the United States, 1999–2010: epidemiology, microbiology, and use of a space–time scan statistic for outbreak detection

You May Also Like:

Have Questions?

CDC INFORMATION

CONNECT WITH CDC