Details:

Alternative Title:
Epidemiol Infect
Personal Author:
IMANISHI, M. ; NEWTON, A. E. ; VIEIRA, A. R. ; GONZALEZ-AVILES, G. ; KENDALL SCOTT, M. E. ; ... More +
IMANISHI, M. ; NEWTON, A. E. ; VIEIRA, A. R. ; GONZALEZ-AVILES, G. ; KENDALL SCOTT, M. E. ; MANIKONDA, K. ; MAXWELL, T. N. ; HALPIN, J. L. ; FREEMAN, M. M. ; MEDALLA, F. ; AYERS, T. L. ; DERADO, G. ; MAHON, B. E. ; MINTZ, E. D. ; Less -
Description:
Although rare, typhoid fever cases acquired in the United States continue to be reported. Detection and investigation of outbreaks in these domestically acquired cases offer opportunities to identify chronic carriers. We searched surveillance and laboratory databases for domestically acquired typhoid fever cases, used a space-time scan statistic to identify clusters, and classified clusters as outbreaks or non-outbreaks. From 1999 to 2010, domestically acquired cases accounted for 18% of 3373 reported typhoid fever cases; their isolates were less often multidrug-resistant (2% vs. 15%) compared to isolates from travel-associated cases. We identified 28 outbreaks and two possible outbreaks within 45 space-time clusters of ⩾2 domestically acquired cases, including three outbreaks involving ⩾2 molecular subtypes. The approach detected seven of the ten outbreaks published in the literature or reported to CDC. Although this approach did not definitively identify any previously unrecognized outbreaks, it showed the potential to detect outbreaks of typhoid fever that may escape detection by routine analysis of surveillance data. Sixteen outbreaks had been linked to a carrier. Every case of typhoid fever acquired in a non-endemic country warrants thorough investigation. Space-time scan statistics, together with shoe-leather epidemiology and molecular subtyping, may improve outbreak detection.
Subject:
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Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 And Over
Child
Child, Preschool
Disease Outbreaks
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Epidemiological Monitoring
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Middle Aged
Salmonella Typhi
Space-Time Clustering
Travel
Typhoid Fever
Young Adult

Source:
Epidemiol Infect. 143(11):2343-2354.
Pubmed ID:
25427666
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC5207021
Document Type:
Journal Article ;
Funding:
CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States ;
Place as Subject:
United States ;
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:7d10e9a4403f40bfc295393899634396dce67697f1339c5605a143c916f954a0
File Type:

Supporting Files

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