Generation of Oxygen Radicals and Mechanisms of Injury Prevention

Details

• Journal Article:
  Environmental Health Perspectives
• Personal Author:
  Castranova, Vincent
• Description:
  Data on the ability of silica (14808607) to directly generate radicals as well as stimulate radical production in alveolar macrophages were presented and summarized. Results of previous studies indicated lung and parenchymal damage and tissue scarring from exposure to crystalline silica, resulting in fibrosis. The cytotoxicity exerted by crystalline silica was suggested to be a direct consequence of toxic interactions between quartz particles and cell membranes, or silica induced production of oxidant species by pulmonary phagocytes. Sandblasting, silica flour milling, rock drilling, and tunneling occupations were associated with high risks of pulmonary fibrosis. Studies have shown the generation of free radicals on the surface of the cleavage planes from the grinding or fracturing of quartz particles during such operations. Silica induced activation have resulted in the production of superoxide, hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2), and nitric-oxide (NO) and other oxidant species with the ability to damage lung cells. Data have indicated that oxidant injury was significant in the pathogenesis of silicosis. Reactive oxygen species were shown to be derived from direct hydroxyl radical generation from freshly fractured silica or from superoxide, H2O2, and NO produced by silica exposed alveolar macrophages. Further evidence indicated the decisive role of oxygen species from recruited blood leukocytes in the development of silica induced lung injury. Tetrandrine was noted to effectively block the ability of quartz to stimulate oxidant release from pulmonary phagocytes. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Alkaloids Animals Benzylisoquinolines Cytotoxins Dust Free Radicals Hazardous Substances Immune System Lung Macrophages, Alveolar Mining Occupational Health Rats Reactive Oxygen Species Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Silicon Dioxide Silicosis

  More +
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Silicosis; Silica Radicals; Alveolar Macrophages; Oxygen Radicals; Nitric Oxide; Fibrosis; Tetrandrine NIOSH-Author; Silica-dusts; Dust-exposure; Dust-inhalation; Lung-irritants; Respiratory-system-disorders; Cytotoxic-effects; Lung-cells; Mining-industry; Toxic-effects; Free-radical-generation; Immune-reaction;
• Source:
  Environ Health Perspect 1994 Dec; 102(Suppl 10):65-68
• ISSN:
  0091-6765
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DRDS - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  4 pdf pages
• Volume:
  102
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00227388
• CAS Registry Number:
  Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1995
• NORA Priority Area:
  Pulmonary System Disorders
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:30b23ac9ce65fa8f6e49312f74e6ed452083d21cb21ad7877495863b48979021ee891df537181ad9f495d722cdb27d09b9e52fe977836b9e9b9c89ed9e8e397e
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/3962/cdc_3962_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 715.66 KB ]