Details:

Alternative Title:
Environ Health Perspect
Personal Author:
Calafat, Antonia M. ; Wong, Lee-Yang ; Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna ; Reidy, John A. ; Needham, Larry L.
Calafat, Antonia M. ; Wong, Lee-Yang ; Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna ; Reidy, John A. ; Needham, Larry L. Less -
Description:
Background

Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been used since the 1950s in numerous commercial applications. Exposure of the general U.S. population to PFCs is widespread. Since 2002, the manufacturing practices for PFCs in the United States have changed considerably.

Objectives

We aimed to assess exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and eight other PFCs in a representative 2003–2004 sample of the general U.S. population ≥ 12 years of age and to determine whether serum concentrations have changed since the 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

By using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution–high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we analyzed 2,094 serum samples collected from NHANES 2003–2004 participants.

Results

We detected PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA in > 98% of the samples. Concentrations differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Geometric mean concentrations were significantly lower (approximately 32% for PFOS, 25% for PFOA, 10% for PFHxS) and higher (100%, PFNA) than the concentrations reported in NHANES 1999–2000 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In the general U.S. population in 2003–2004, PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA serum concentrations were measurable in each demographic population group studied. Geometric mean concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS in 2003–2004 were lower than in 1999–2000. The apparent reductions in concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS most likely are related to discontinuation in 2002 of industrial production by electrochemical fluorination of PFOS and related perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride compounds.


Subjects:
[+]
Adolescent Adult Alkanesulfonic Acids Caprylates Child Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollutants Female Fluorocarbons Health Surveys Humans Male Middle Aged Questionnaires Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Source:
Environ Health Perspect. 2007; 115(11):1596-1602.
Document Type:
Journal Article
Name as Subject:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (U.S.)
Place as Subject:
United States
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:db1b301755714b7b9ca35a802643a5c872720011a9bc1077eb88b8e313075528
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/3901/cdc_3901_DS1.pdf
File Type:

Supporting Files

• 	ehp0115-001596.nxml	txt
  	license.txt	txt

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