Details:

Alternative Title:
Am J Clin Nutr
Publisher's site:
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.060012
Personal Author:
Tian, Niu ; Zhang, Zefeng ; Loustalot, Fleetwood ; Yang, Quanhe ; Cogswell, Mary E
Tian, Niu ; Zhang, Zefeng ; Loustalot, Fleetwood ; Yang, Quanhe ; Cogswell, Mary E Less -
Description:
Background

Data are limited on usual sodium and potassium intakes relative to age-specific recommendations and the sodium:potassium ratio in infants and preschoolers, especially among those aged <2 y, who are black or breastfed.

Objective

The usual sodium intake above the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs), potassium intakes above Adequate Intakes (AIs), the sodium:potassium ratio, and sodium density (mg/kcal) among US infants and preschoolers by age group, as applicable, were estimated and compared by race-ethnicity and current breastfeeding status.

Design

Data were analyzed among 3 groups of children (aged 7–11 mo, 1–3 y, and 4–5 y) from the NHANES 2003–2010 by using measurement error models.

Results

Seventy-nine percent of children aged 1–3 y and 87% of those aged 4–5 y exceeded their sodium UL; among non-Hispanic black children, the estimates were 84% and 97%, respectively. For potassium, 97% of infants, 5% of children aged 1–3 y, and 0.4% aged 4–5 y met their AIs. Compared with non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic black infants and preschoolers had higher mean sodium density and sodium:potassium ratios. Currently breastfed infants and children consumed, on average, less sodium than those who were not breastfed (382 ± 53 compared with 538 ± 22 mg in those aged 7–11 mo and 1154 ± 88 compared with 1985 ± 24 mg in those aged 1–3 y, respectively), but the sodium:potassium ratio did not differ.

Conclusions

Most US preschoolers, particularly non-Hispanic blacks, consume too much sodium, and nearly all do not consume enough potassium. Data that suggest that currently breastfed infants consume less sodium than do those who are not breastfeeding merit further investigation.


Subject:
[+]
Blacks
Breast Feeding
Child, Preschool
Energy Intake
Female
Hispanic Americans
Humans
Infant
Male
Mexican Americans
Nutrition Policy
Nutrition Surveys
Potassium, Dietary
Sodium
Sodium, Dietary
Whites

Source:
Am J Clin Nutr. 98(4):1113-1122
Pubmed ID:
23966425
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC4559260
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
Place as Subject:
United States
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:75d8a14289ea646a4955693d6be4aa1a78ec2c260ad43d37b4e60516aefeb7dd
File Type:

Supporting Files

• 	NIHMS717838-supplement-supplemental.docx	docx
  	nihms717838.nxml	xml

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