Details:

Alternative Title:
Pediatr Infect Dis J
Publisher's site:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e31825c124a
Personal Author:
Dow, Anna ; Kayira, Dumbani ; Hudgens, Michael ; Van Rie, Annelies ; King, Caroline C. ; ... More +
Dow, Anna ; Kayira, Dumbani ; Hudgens, Michael ; Van Rie, Annelies ; King, Caroline C. ; Ellington, Sascha ; Kourtis, Athena ; Turner, Abigail Norris ; Meshnick, Steven ; Kacheche, Zebrone ; Jamieson, Denise J. ; Chasela, Charles ; van der Horst, Charles Less -
Description:
Background

The World Health Organization guidelines recommend cotrimoxazole prophylactic treatment (CPT) for all HIV-exposed infants from age 6 weeks to the cessation of breastfeeding and the exclusion of HIV infection. There are limited data about the effects of CPT among this population of infants. We examined the effects of CPT on adverse health outcomes among HIV-exposed infants during the first 36 weeks of life by using data from the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition (BAN) study, a large clinical trial of antiretroviral drugs given to the mother or infant for prevention of HIV transmission during breastfeeding.

Methods

For the analysis, we assigned a status of CPT-exposed to infants who were participating in the study after the CPT program started. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the effect of CPT status on time to incident malaria, severe illness or death, anemia, and weight-for-age Z score < −2.0. Participation in the study was limited to focus exclusively on HIV-exposed, uninfected infants.

Results

The HR for the effect of CPT on incident malaria was 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21, 0.57) during the first 10 weeks of CPT exposure, and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.29) for the remaining 20 weeks. CPT was not associated with the other outcomes examined.

Conclusions

CPT offered temporary protection against malaria among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants. However, CPT offered no protection against anemia, low weight for age, or the collapsed outcome of severe illness or death.


Subject:
[+]
Anemia
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Antimalarials
Article
Body Weight
Breast Feeding
Chi-Square Distribution
Cotrimoxazole
Female
HIV
HIV Infections
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Malaria
Mothers
Statistics, Nonparametric
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination
Malaria

Source:
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 31(8):842-847.
Pubmed ID:
22801093
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC3914144
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
2-D43 TW01039-06/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; P30 AI050410/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; P30-AI50410/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U48-CCU409660-09/PHS HHS/United States ; U48-DP000059-0/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States ; ... More +
2-D43 TW01039-06/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; P30 AI050410/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; P30-AI50410/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U48-CCU409660-09/PHS HHS/United States ; U48-DP000059-0/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States ; U48-DP001944-01/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States Less -
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:e1c4433460102bebcf57acbf07565ae5060e3dcb6227ec7a55f15e4c2d660e67
File Type:

Supporting Files

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