Genome-Scale CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout Screening in Human Cells

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Science
• Personal Author:
  Shalem, Ophir ; Sanjana, Neville E. ; Hartenian, Ella ; Shi, Xi ; Scott, David A. ; Mikkelson, Tarjei ; Heckl, Dirk ; Ebert, Benjamin L. ; Root, David E. ; Doench, John G. ; Zhang, Feng
• Description:
  The simplicity of programming the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-associated nuclease Cas9 to modify specific genomic loci suggests a new way to interrogate gene function on a genome-wide scale. We show that lentiviral delivery of a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (GeCKO) library targeting 18,080 genes with 64,751 unique guide sequences enables both negative and positive selection screening in human cells. First, we used the GeCKO library to identify genes essential for cell viability in cancer and pluripotent stem cells. Next, in a melanoma model, we screened for genes whose loss is involved in resistance to vemurafenib, a therapeutic RAF inhibitor. Our highest-ranking candidates include previously validated genes NF1 and MED12, as well as novel hits NF2, CUL3, TADA2B, and TADA1. We observe a high level of consistency between independent guide RNAs targeting the same gene and a high rate of hit confirmation, demonstrating the promise of genome-scale screening with Cas9.
• Subjects:
  Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing Article Caspase 9 Cell Survival Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Cullin Proteins Drug Resistance, Neoplasm Gene Knockout Techniques Gene Library Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2 Genetic Loci Genetic Testing Genome-Wide Association Study Humans Indoles Lentivirus Mediator Complex Melanoma Pluripotent Stem Cells Protein Kinase Inhibitors Raf Kinases Selection, Genetic Sulfonamides Transcription Factors

  More +
• Source:
  Science. 343(6166):84-87.
• Pubmed ID:
  24336571
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC4089965
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  1DP1-MH100706/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States ; 1R01-DK097768/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DP1 MH100706/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK097768/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
• Volume:
  343
• Issue:
  6166
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:7953e3988250a4ca328698b4470421488cfd0c113f7c834044e2aa5afccc5550
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/30029/cdc_30029_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 919.95 KB ]