A Preliminary Assessment of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in Zambia.

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Clinical Infectious Diseases : An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2016, v. 62, no. 2: A Preliminary Assessment of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in Zambia.
• Journal Article:
  Clinical Infectious Diseases : An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
• Personal Author:
  Beres, Laura K. ; Tate, Jacqueline E. ; Njobvu, Lungowe ; Chibwe, Bertha ; Rudd, Cheryl ; Guffey, M. Brad ; Stringer, Jeffrey S. A. ; Parashar, Umesh D. ; Chilengi, Roma
• Description:
  Diarrhea is the third leading cause of child death in Zambia. Up to one-third of diarrhea cases resulting in hospitalization and/or death are caused by vaccine-preventable rotavirus. In January 2012, Zambia initiated a pilot introduction of the Rotarix live, oral rotavirus vaccine in all public health facilities in Lusaka Province.
  
  Between July 2012 and October 2013, we conducted a case-control study at 6 public sector sites to estimate rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) in age-eligible children presenting with diarrhea. We computed the odds of having received at least 1 dose of Rotarix among children whose stool was positive for rotavirus antigen (cases) and children whose stool was negative (controls). We adjusted the resulting odds ratio (OR) for patient age, calendar month of presentation, and clinical site, and expressed VE as (1 - adjusted OR) × 100.
  
  A total of 91 rotavirus-positive cases and 298 rotavirus-negative controls who had under-5 card-confirmed vaccination status and were ≥6 months of age were included in the case-control analysis. Among rotavirus-positive children who were age-eligible to be vaccinated, 20% were hospitalized. Against rotavirus diarrhea of all severity, the adjusted 2-dose VE was 26% (95% confidence interval CI, -30% to 58%) among children ≥6 months of age. VE against hospitalized children ≥6 months of age was 56% (95% CI, -34% to 86%).
  
  We observed a higher point estimate for VE against increased severity of illness compared with milder disease, but were not powered to detect a low level of VE against milder disease.
• Content Notes:
  Author manuscript
• Subjects:
  • Antigens, Viral
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diarrhea
  • Feces
  • Female
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Immunogenicity, Vaccine
  • Infant
  More +
• Keywords:
  • rotavirus vaccine
  • vaccine effectiveness
  • Zambia
  • immunization
  • rotavirus
• Source:
  Clinical Infectious Diseases : An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2016, v. 62, no. 2
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ1206
• ISSN:
  1058-4838 ; 1537-6591
• Pubmed ID:
  27059353
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC11976676
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Zambia
• Pages in Document:
  S175-S182 (17 pdf pages)
• Volume:
  62
• Issue:
  2
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/262145/cdc_262145_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 727.70 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:94a713eae6104bad71e06e391542f6f28a73c5498744b0fdd076c445eeb3c1392c5065d41fe71fd797da2a19eece41289714c5ac02b0b3316da3b0132756b641