Assessing the Impact of Exposure Misclassification in Case-Control Studies of Self-Reported Medication Use.

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2026, v. 40, no. 2: Assessing the Impact of Exposure Misclassification in Case-Control Studies of Self-Reported Medication Use.
• Journal Article:
  Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
• Personal Author:
  Adrien, Nedghie ; MacLehose, Richard F. ; Werler, Martha M. ; Yazdy, Mahsa M. ; Fox, Matthew P. ; Parker, Samantha E.
• Corporate Authors:
  The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
• Description:
  Empirically evaluating the potential impact of recall bias on observed associations of prenatal medication exposure is crucial.
  
  We sought to assess the effects of exposure misclassification on previous studies of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in early pregnancy and increased risk of amniotic band syndrome (ABS).
  
  Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) on births from 1997 to 2011, we included 189 mothers of infants with ABS and 11,829 mothers of infants without congenital anomalies. We identified external studies of medication use during pregnancy to obtain validity parameters for a probabilistic bias analysis to adjust for exposure misclassification. Due to uncertainty about the transportability of these parameters, we conducted multidimensional bias analyses to explore combinations of values on the results.
  
  When we assumed higher specificity in cases or higher sensitivity in controls, misclassification-adjusted estimates suggested confounding-adjusted estimates were attenuated. However, in a few instances, when we assumed greater sensitivity in the cases than the controls (and Sp ≥ 0.9), the misclassification-adjusted estimates suggested upward bias in the confounding-adjusted estimates.
  
  Results from our bias analysis highlighted that the magnitude of bias depended on the mechanism and the extent of misclassification. However, the parameters available from the validation studies were not directly applicable to our study. In the absence of reliable validation studies, considering mechanisms of bias and simulation studies to outline combinations of plausible scenarios to better inform conclusions on the effects of these medications on pregnancy outcomes remains important.
• Content Notes:
  Author manuscript
• Subjects:
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Pregnancy
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Self Report
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Bias
  • Adult
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Pregnancy Complications
  More +
• Keywords:
  • epidemiological biases
  • misclassification
  • anti-inflammatory agents
  • non-steroidal
  • congenital abnormalities
• Source:
  Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2026, v. 40, no. 2
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.13161
• ISSN:
  0269-5022 ; 1365-3016
• Pubmed ID:
  39679807
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC12167750
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  CDP 13-003/HX/HSRD VAUnited States/ ; EP-D-18-001/EPA/EPAUnited States/ ; U01 DD001224/DD/NCBDD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DD001300/DD/NCBDD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; NH/NIH HHSUnited States/ ; T32 HD104612/HD/NICHD NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DD001037/DD/NCBDD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; CC/CDC HHSUnited States/
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Pages in Document:
  190-199 (21 pdf pages)
• Volume:
  40
• Issue:
  2
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/261853/cdc_261853_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 650.74 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:5997788488d781b10322acfc80736bdd00c188de4640f45dad7fcde1f870aad3a85b589fb746100c855f878064732a0f507531c319edf4c39008b7a5d7cefd72