Population-level Respiratory Virus-virus Interactions, Puerto Rico, 2013-2023.

Details

• Alternative Title:
  International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2025, v. 154: Population-level Respiratory Virus-virus Interactions, Puerto Rico, 2013-2023.
• Journal Article:
  International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
• Personal Author:
  Madewell, Zachary J. ; Wong, Joshua M. ; Thayer, Maile B. ; Rivera-Amill, Vanessa ; Sainz de la Peña, Diego ; Pasarell, Jorge Bertrán ; Paz-Bailey, Gabriela ; Adams, Laura E. ; Yang, Yang
• Description:
  Understanding virus-virus interactions is important for evaluating disease transmission and severity. Positive interactions suggest concurrent circulation, while negative interactions indicate reduced transmission of one virus when another is prevalent. This study examines interactions among seven respiratory viruses using a Bayesian approach that accounts for seasonality and long-term trends.
  
  We analyzed data from 43,385 acute febrile illness cases in the Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System in Puerto Rico (2013-2023). Viruses studied included influenza A (IAV), influenza B (IBV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3 (HPIV-1, HPIV-3), human adenovirus (HAdV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Wavelet coherence analysis investigated synchronous or asynchronous viral co-variation, while a Bayesian hierarchical model estimated pairwise interactions.
  
  Among 43,385 participants, 26.0% tested positive for at least one virus, with IAV (9.5%), HAdV (4.1%), RSV (3.6%), and IBV (3.6%) being most frequent. Coinfections occurred in 0.5% of cases, often involving HAdV. Wavelet coherence identified significant synchronization among RSV/HMPV, HPIV-1/HMPV, and other virus pairs, with minimal coherence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bayesian modeling suggested five virus-virus associations: four positive (RSV/HPIV-3, HMPV/HPIV-1, IBV/HAdV, IBV/HMPV) and one negative (IAV/HAdV). However, when restricting the analysis to the prepandemic period, fewer associations remained statistically credible.
  
  Respiratory viruses in Puerto Rico demonstrate patterns of co-circulation that may reflect complex interactions, but these associations appear context-dependent. Findings highlight the need for continued surveillance to better understand virus-virus dynamics and their implications for public health interventions.
• Content Notes:
  Author manuscript
• Subjects:
  • Humans
  • Bayes Theorem
  • Respiratory Tract Infections
  • Male
  • Female
  • Adult
  • Middle Aged
  • Adolescent
  • Child, Preschool
  • Young Adult
  More +
• Keywords:
  • Co-infection
  • Viral interference
  • Acute respiratory infections
  • Pathogen interactions
  • Viral synergism
• Source:
  International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2025, v. 154
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107878
• ISSN:
  1201-9712 ; 1878-3511
• Pubmed ID:
  40081734
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC13019324
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 CK000670/CK/NCEZID CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 CK000696/CK/NCEZID CDC HHSUnited States/
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Puerto Rico
• Pages in Document:
  107878 (16 pdf pages)
• Volume:
  154
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/261600/cdc_261600_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.15 MB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:a12984debeeffdb56e9feadcd727641d8d5b0feab9a83e90efdf51a9601755526d8b82c5d139d622d49a890b25596f25fea6c50e4469270eaf0d774ccf8d1321