Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Differences in Patient Reported Well-Being and Cognitive Functioning Within 3 Months of Symptomatic Illness During COVID-19 Pandemic.

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2025, v. 12, no. 5: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Differences in Patient Reported Well-Being and Cognitive Functioning Within 3 Months of Symptomatic Illness During COVID-19 Pandemic.
• Journal Article:
  Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
• Personal Author:
  Hill, Mandy J. ; Huebinger, Ryan M. ; Mannan, Imtiaz Ebna ; Yu, Huihui ; Wisk, Lauren E. ; O'Laughlin, Kelli N. ; Gentile, Nicole L. ; Stephens, Kari A. ; Gottlieb, Michael ; Weinstein, Robert A. ; Koo, Katherine ; Santangelo, Michelle ; Saydah, Sharon ; Spatz, Erica S. ; Lin, Zhenqiu ; Schaeffer, Kevin ; Kean, Efrat ; Montoy, Juan Carlos C. ; Rodriguez, Robert M ; Idris, Ahamed H. ; McDonald, Samuel ; Elmore, Joann G. ; Venkatesh, Arjun
• Description:
  Differences in acute COVID-19 associated morbidity based on race, ethnicity, and gender have been well described; however, less is known about differences in subsequent longer term health-related quality of life and well-being.
  
  This prospective cohort study included symptomatic adults tested for SARS-CoV-2 who completed baseline and 3-month follow-up surveys. Using the PROMIS-29 tool, a validated measure of health and well-being, we compared outcomes at 3 months and change in outcomes from baseline to 3 months among groups with different races, ethnicities, and/or sexes.
  
  Among 6044 participants, 4113 (3202 COVID +) were included. Among COVID + participants, compared to non-Hispanic White participants, Black participants had better PROMIS T-scores for cognitive function (3.6 [1.1, 6.2]) and fatigue (- 4.3 [- 6.6, - 2.0]) at 3 months and experienced more improvement in fatigue over 3 months (- 2.7 [- 4.7, - 0.8]). At 3 months, compared with males, females had worse PROMIS T-scores for cognitive function (- 4.1 [- 5.6, - 2.6]), physical function (- 2.1 [- 3.1, - 1.0]), social participation (- 2.8 [- 4.2, - 1.5]), anxiety (2.8 [1.5, 4.1]), fatigue (5.1 [3.7, 6.4]), and pain interference (2.0 [0.9, 3.2]). Females experienced less improvement in fatigue over 3 months (3.1 [2.0, 4.3]). Transgender/non-binary/other gender participants had worse 3-month scores in all domains except for sleep disturbance and pain interference.
  
  Three months after the initial COVID-19 infection, Black participants reported better cognitive function and fatigue, while females and other gender minoritized groups experienced lower well-being. Future studies are necessary to better understand how and why social constructs, specifically race, ethnicity, and gender, influence differences in COVID-19-related health outcomes. Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04610515.
• Content Notes:
  Author manuscript
• Subjects:
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Black or African American
  • Cognition
  • COVID-19
  • Ethnicity
  More +
• Keywords:
  • COVID-19
  • Long COVID
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Coronavirus
  • Registry
  • PROMIS outcomes
• Source:
  Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2025, v. 12, no. 5
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-024-02124-8
• ISSN:
  2197-3792 ; 2196-8837
• Pubmed ID:
  PMC11891493
• Pubmed Central ID:
  39172356
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/ ; P2C HD041022/HD/NICHD NIH HHSUnited States/ ; R01 AI166967/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Pages in Document:
  3192-3209 (26 pdf pages)
• Volume:
  12
• Issue:
  5
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/260361/cdc_260361_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 995.70 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c386ecdeac1a93e704d35481b085025d47e0bff76a0dd71cde91096b08a9c69ac151e6df82ec2bfe4f24b989c9848bf2c447604a1bb64146eacb61169aa7beff