Relationship Between Applied Face Mask Force and Mask Leak During Simulated Neonatal Ventilation: A Randomised Simulation Study

Details

• Journal Article:
  Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
• Personal Author:
  Hannan, Jacqueline ; Weiner, Gary ; Stirling, Leia
• Description:
  Design: Randomised cross-over simulation study. Setting: Quiet, non-clinical room in children's hospital. Participants: Twenty-four experienced neonatal healthcare providers. Interventions: Ventilate a manikin for 2 min per trial, each with three trial conditions: self-inflating bag (SIB) with one-hand hold, T-piece with one-hand hold, T-piece with two-hand hold. Main outcome measures: Applied force (newtons (N)) measured under the head and at four locations on the manikin's face (nasal bridge, mentum, left and right zygomatic arches), force asymmetry applied to the mask rim, and mask leak. Results: Under-head force was greatest using the SIB with one-hand hold (mean (SD) 20.53 (5.87) N) and least using the T-piece with one-hand hold (mean (SD) 17.58 (6.11) N). While mask leak was reduced with increasing force, leak-free ventilation was achieved by some participants in all trial conditions with low (<10 N) under-head force. Force asymmetry on the manikin's face was similar using a one-hand hold compared with a two-hand hold. With both holds, forces were greater on the side of the face corresponding to the operator's non-dominant hand. Conclusion: Applied force and leak varied between devices and mask holds. Force asymmetry was present with both mask holds. Leak-free ventilation could be achieved with small forces using either an SIB or T-piece and either mask hold. Force feedback during training may improve the effectiveness and safety of neonatal ventilation.
• Subjects:
  Health Personnel Infant, Newborne Occupational Health Personal Protective Equipment Safety Ventilation
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Neonatology; Resuscitation Face Masks; Health Care Personnel; Force; Ventilation; Neonates; Medical Treatment; Medical Equipment;
• Source:
  Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2026 Jan; 111(1):F55-F59
• ISSN:
  1359-2998
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Michigan ; Chicago Region [OSHA]
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  5 pdf pages
• Volume:
  111
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20071197
• Email:
  jhannan@umich.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2026
• Performing Organization:
  University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• End Date:
  20280630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:06357259e4ebe465b6682690b6a7d7f1fc7eb0fb20bbab3923028c1c8ba7d089a754caa44acff32a7e3b4d99c427073d51c6557a2af13d0438ae621a7abd26dd
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258676/cdc_258676_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 561.16 KB ]