Species differences in serum paraoxonase correlate with sensitivity to paraoxon toxicity.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Costa LG ; Furlong CE ; Motulsky AG ; Murphy SD ; Omenn GS ; Richter RJ
• Description:
  Studies were conducted to determine whether the rabbit and the rat were affected differently by paraoxon (311455) because of their differences in serum paraoxonase activity. Following several trials, it was determined that the minimal effective doses of paraoxon were 0.5mg/kg in the rat and 2.0mg/kg in the rabbit. Doses of paraoxon of 0.5mg/kg in the rat and 2.0mg/kg in the rabbit caused similar degrees of cholinesterase inhibition. Percent inhibition was 66% and 79% in the diaphragm, 83 and 96% in plasma, and 60 and 76% in the hippocampus in rats and rabbits, respectively. An examination was also undertaken of the muscarinic receptor function in rat and rabbit brain by measuring the accumulation of inositol phosphates in cerebral cortex slices following stimulation by the cholinergic agonist carbachol. No difference was noted in the ability of carbachol to stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the two species. The findings indicated that a seven fold difference in serum paraoxonase resulted in a four fold difference in sensitivity to paraoxon toxicity. The difference in sensitivity was not due to the intrinsic characteristics of the primary target or a secondary target. It appeared that paraoxonase levels were similar between rat and rabbit in liver, kidney, spleen, and brain, thus leaving serum paraoxonase as the only significant difference between the two species. The authors suggest that surveys of farm workers for paraoxonase levels and symptoms of organophosphate toxicity are highly warranted. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Agriculture Enzymes Insecticides Laboratories Occupational Health Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  NIOSH-Publication; NIOSH-Grant; Grants-other; Agricultural-workers; Enzyme-activity; Pesticides; Agricultural-chemicals; Laboratory-animals; Comparative-toxicology; Organo-phosphorus-pesticides;
• ISSN:
  1010-8793
• Publisher:
  Springer
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 10 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  263-266
• Volume:
  13
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00214027
• Citation:
  Toxicology of pesticides: experimental, clinical and regulatory aspects, NATO ASI Series. Bosta LG, Galli CL, Murphy SD eds. Berlin: Springer, 1987 Jan; (13):263-266
• Contact Point Address:
  Environmental Health University of Washington Dept of Environ Hlth, SC-34 Seattle, WA 98195
• CAS Registry Number:
  Paraoxon (CAS RN 311-45-5)
• Editor(s):
  Bosta LG; Galli CL; Murphy SD
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1987
• NORA Priority Area:
  Other Occupational Concerns ; Grants Other
• Performing Organization:
  University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19860929
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicology of pesticides: experimental, clinical and regulatory aspects, NATO ASI Series
• End Date:
  19900331
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7dc847c09aedf140bc731323e8446b4703641ae07d6ad9e7b7238120dab30b8f7dcaa9b938d34d035f87873a0fe7fec262d5d13dcaf290925445e82b6de3b57d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/247797/cdc_247797_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 168.02 KB ]