Interaction between neurotoxicities induced by organophosphorus and long-chain hexacarbon compounds.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Abou-Donia MB
• Description:
  Data concerning the respective neurotoxic effects produced by organophosphorus and long chain hexacarbon compounds is reviewed. Combined exposure to leptophos and n-hexane has been implicated in the development of severe human neurological dysfunction. The subchronic oral administration or intraperitoneal injection of n- hexane type compounds causes neurotoxicity in hens. The subchronic continuous inhalation of technical grade methyl-butyl-ketone also produces a dose dependent neurotoxicity. It has been suggested that 2,5-hexanedione may be the active neurotoxic agent in n-hexane, methyl-n-butyl-ketone, and 2,5-hexanediol exerting a direct influence on certain axonal components. The gamma diketones, 2,5- heptanedione and 3,6-octanedione, are also proven neurotoxins. O- ethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl-phenylphosphonothioate and n-hexane type chemicals produce identical clinical signs of neurotoxicity, characterized by axon and myelin degeneration in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been suggested that the biochemical mechanism of the delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus esters differs from that of the neurotoxicity caused by n-hexane type chemicals. All organophosphorus compounds identified as neurotoxic to date are organophosphorus esters which either directly or indirectly inhibit esterases. N-hexane type chemicals, which contain a hexacarbon skeleton with or without one or two oxygen atoms, produce a neurotoxicity that is characterized by the accumulation of 10 nanometer neurofilaments within swollen axons, accompanied by myelin sheath thinning and retraction. Although the mechanisms of the respective neurotoxic effects produced by organophosphorus esters and long chain hexacarbons seem to differ, simultaneous exposures to both types of substances make nerve tissues more sensitive to the respective neurotoxic effects that each substance produces. The author concludes that simultaneous exposure to both organophosphorus esters and n-hexane type compounds may be more dangerous than exposure to either type of chemical alone. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemistry Cytology Hazardous Substances Histology Occupational Health Safety Somatotypes
• Keywords:
  NIOSH-Grant; Toxic-effects; Chemical-indicators; Analytical-models; Exposure-levels; Toxic-materials; Histology; Body-distribution; Tissue-distribution; Cytology
• ISSN:
  0161-813X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  117-135
• Volume:
  4
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00154696
• Citation:
  Neurotoxicology 1983 Jan; 4(4):117-135
• Contact Point Address:
  Pharmacology Duke University Department of Pharmacology Durham, N C 27710
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1983
• Performing Organization:
  Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19790401
• Source Full Name:
  Neurotoxicology
• End Date:
  19980331
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7dc847c09aedf140bc731323e8446b4703641ae07d6ad9e7b7238120dab30b8f7dcaa9b938d34d035f87873a0fe7fec262d5d13dcaf290925445e82b6de3b57d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/247564/cdc_247564_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 168.02 KB ]