Free-radical-mediated alterations of gene expression by xenobiotics.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Janssen YM ; Mossman BT ; Timblin CR
• Description:
  A review of free radical mediated alterations of gene expression by xenobiotics was presented. Possible mechanisms by which xenobiotic agents can induce gene expression through free radical formation were summarized. A number of toxic xenobiotic agents have been shown to induce formation of free radicals either spontaneously, through metabolic pathways, or by interacting with cells. Cellular production of free radicals by xenobiotics may occur as a result of a direct interaction with cellular macromolecules or indirectly through a mechanism that involves a number of signaling cascades. At low levels of xenobiotic exposure, harmful free radical reactions may be suppressed by the antioxidant defenses of target cells or cells in the immune system. Extracellular fluids such as serum, blood, and lavage fluids also contain a number of naturally occurring antioxidants, such as ceruloplasmin, ascorbic-acid, or superoxide-dismutase, that can quench free radical reactions before they affect cells. When the ratio of oxidative stress begins to disproportionately exceed a cell's antioxidant status, alterations in gene expression that can result in disease develop. Specific examples of agents that can induce pathological processes attributed to free radical mediated gene expression were described. These include cadmium (7440439), nickel (7440020), chromium (7440473), tobacco smoke, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1746016), ozone (10028156) and other oxidant gases, asbestos (1332214), and crystalline silica (14808607). The authors conclude that elucidating the processes by which oxidants induce their toxic effects is key to understanding the pathogenesis of disease and developing effective therapeutic approaches. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Free Radicals Genetics Hazardous Substances Neoplasms Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  NIOSH-Grant; Cancer; Free-radicals; Genetics; Oxidative-processes; Cell-function; Physiological-stress; Host-resistance; Toxic-effects
• ISBN:
  1560326328
• Publisher:
  Taylor and Francis
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 2 ; Vermont
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  325-348
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00241819
• Citation:
  Free Radical Toxicology 1997; :325-348
• Contact Point Address:
  Pathology University of Vermont Medical Alumni Bldg Burlington, VT 05405
• CAS Registry Number:
  2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (CAS RN 1746-01-6) ; Asbestos (CAS RN 1332-21-4) ; Cadmium (CAS RN 7440-43-9) ; Chromium (CAS RN 7440-47-3) ; Nickel (CAS RN 7440-02-0) ; Ozone (CAS RN 10028-15-6) ; Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7)
• Editor(s):
  Wallace KB
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1997
• Performing Organization:
  University of Vermont & St Agric College, Burlington, Vermont
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  19940930
• Source Full Name:
  Free Radical Toxicology
• End Date:
  19970929
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7dc847c09aedf140bc731323e8446b4703641ae07d6ad9e7b7238120dab30b8f7dcaa9b938d34d035f87873a0fe7fec262d5d13dcaf290925445e82b6de3b57d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/243655/cdc_243655_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 168.02 KB ]