Skin as a Route of Entry for Neurotoxic Substances.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bischoff MC ; Spencer PS
• Description:
  Percutaneous neurotoxicity is reviewed. It is reported that percutaneous absorption of neurotoxic agents is a major, but widely unacknowledged route of intoxication in the occupational setting and in the home. There are no qualitative differences between the neuropathologic response to toxic agents absorbed through skin and that induced by toxins entering in other ways. Neurotoxic substances in the domestic environment are examined, including hexachlorophene (70304), acetyl-ethyl-tetramethyl-tetralin (88299), zinc-pyridinethione (13463417), and 2,4-dinitro-3-methyl-6-tert- butylanisole (83669). Symptoms of neurotoxicity, animal studies of distribution and toxicity, and acceptable exposures are discussed. Neurotoxic chemicals in the industrial setting are considered. The aliphatic hexacarbon compounds, n-hexane (110543) and methyl-n-butyl- ketone (591786), are discussed. Animal studies reveal multifocal axonal swellings and associated focal demyelination in affected distal regions of long and large diameter central and peripheral nervous system nerve fibers. Neuropathy resulting from industrial exposures to Lucel-7 (67016528), a foaming agent, is described. Experimental studies are discussed which confirm that percutaneous intoxication with Lucel-7 induces widespread nervous system degeneration which is both rapid and severe. Percutaneous absorption of organophosphorus compounds produces both cholinergic crisis and delayed neuropathy, which are described. Animal studies and accidental human poisonings show clinical reversibility of peripheral neuropathy in mild cases; however, permanent damage of spinal cord tracts may also result. The authors conclude that experimental studies to determine the effects of topically applied compounds on the nervous system are imperative for public health and environmental control, particularly with regard to industrial solvent exposures. The range and depth of studies to evaluate fragrance chemicals for neurotoxic effects should also be expanded. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Nervous System Nervous System Diseases Occupational Health Safety Skin Skin Absorption
• Keywords:
  NIOSH-Grant; Skin-exposure; Skin-absorption; Nervous-system-disorders; Neurological-reactions; Nerve-damage; Neurotoxic-effects; Neurotoxins
• Publisher:
  Hemisphere Publishing
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; OSHA Region 2
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00165338
• Citation:
  Dermatotoxicology, Second Edition. Marzulli FN, Maibach HI, eds., Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing, 1983 Jan; :611-626
• CAS Registry Number:
  2-Hexanone (CAS RN 591-78-6) ; 7-Acetyl-6-ethyl-1,1,4,4-tetramethyltetralin (CAS RN 88-29-9) ; Hexachlorophene (CAS RN 70-30-4) ; Hexane (CAS RN 110-54-3) ; Lucel 7 (CAS RN 67016-52-8) ; Musk ambrette (CAS RN 83-66-9) ; Pyrithione zinc (CAS RN 13463-41-7)
• Editor(s):
  Marzulli FN; Maibach HI
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1983
• NORA Priority Area:
  Neurotoxic Disorders ; Neurotoxic Effects
• Performing Organization:
  Neuroscience Albert Einstein College 1410 Pelham Parkway Bronx, NY 10461
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  19800501
• Source Full Name:
  Dermatotoxicology, Second Edition
• End Date:
  19890430
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7dc847c09aedf140bc731323e8446b4703641ae07d6ad9e7b7238120dab30b8f7dcaa9b938d34d035f87873a0fe7fec262d5d13dcaf290925445e82b6de3b57d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/242179/cdc_242179_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 168.02 KB ]