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The Health consequences of smoking : January 1973
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January 1973
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Source: DHEW publication, no. (HSM) 73-8704
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Series: DHEW publication ; no. (HSM)
[PDF-7.31 MB]
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Journal Article:DHEW publication ; no. (HSM)
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Description:This report is the seventh in a series issued by the Public Health Service reviewing and assessing the scientific evidence linking cigarette smoking to disease and premature death. The current report reiterates, strengthens, and extends the findings in earlier reports that cigarette smoking is a major health problem in the United States.
The evidence has broadened dramatically in recent years. A Public Health Service assessment of evidence available in 1959 was largely focused on the relationship of cigarette smoking and lung cancer. The first formal report on this subject in 1964 found that cigarette smoking was not only a major cause of lung cancer and chronic bronchitis, but was associated with illness and death from chronic bronchopulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases.
The 1973 report confirms all these relationships and adds new evidence in other areas as well. The evidence in the chapter on pregnancy strongly indicates a causal relationship between cigarette smoking during pregnancy and lower infant birth weight and a strong, probably causal, association between cigarette smoking and higher late fetal and neonatal mortality. Also reported is the convergence of other evidence which suggests that cigarette smoking during pregnancy interacts with other risk factors to increase the risk of an unfavorable outcome of pregnancy for certain women more than others.
For the first time in this series of reports, a separate chapter is devoted to pipe and cigar smoking and the health hazards involved. Included is an assessment of the health implications of the new small cigars which look like cigarettes.
A final chapter, new to the reports, concerns cigarette smoking and exercise performance. A review of a number of fitness tests comparing smokers to nonsmokers indicates that cigarette smoking impairs exercise performance for many types of athletic events and activities involving maximal work capacity.
The interrelationships of smoking and health are no less complex today than they were reported to be in the 1964 report. But since that time we have greatly broadened our knowledge and understanding of the problem. The current report symbolizes this progress.
CDC-INFO Pub ID 997008
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