Short-Term Malaria Reduction by Single-Dose Azithromycin during Mass Drug Administration for Trachoma, Tanzania

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Emerg Infect Dis
• Personal Author:
  Schachterle, Stephen E. ; Mtove, George ; Levens, Joshua P. ; Clemens, Emily ; Shi, Lirong ; Raj, Amrita ; Dumler, J. Stephen ; Munoz, Beatriz ; West, Shelia ; Sullivan, David J.
• Description:
  Single-dose mass drug administration of azithromycin (AZT) is underway to eliminate trachoma worldwide. Studies in Ethiopia showed a reduction in all-cause childhood deaths after administration. To examine the effect of single-dose AZ MDA on prevalent malaria infections in a large prospective cohort of children and parents in Dodoma Province, Tanzania, we quantified the temporal prevalence of malaria parasitemia by real-time PCR for 6 months after single-dose AZT. In the first month after treatment but not in subsequent months, Plasmodium falciparum infections were reduced by 73% (95% CI 43%-89%) in treatment versus control villages and differences remained significant (p = 0.00497) in multivariate models with village-level random effects. Genetic sequencing of P. falciparum ribosomal L4 protein showed no mutations associated with AZT resistance. AZT mass drug administration caused a transient, 1-month antimalarial effect without selecting for P. falciparum ribosomal L4 resistance mutations in a region with a 10-year history of treating trachoma with this drug.
• Subjects:
  Azithromycin Malaria Mass Drug Administration Parasites Prospective Cohort Study Research Single Dose Trachoma
• Source:
  Emerg Infect Dis. 20(6):941-949.
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Tanzania
• Location:
  Africa
• Volume:
  20
• Issue:
  6
• Collection(s):
  Emerging Infectious Diseases
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:d1d619d0638e42f5c1e2df5a6da9032508c13af0470b66f6bc700f8fb281fa3f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/23338/cdc_23338_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 541.97 KB ]