Nanoparticulates

Details

• Personal Author:
  Castranova, Vincent ; Hubbs, Ann F. ; Mercer RR ; Porter DW ; Sargent LM ; Sriram K
• Description:
  This chapter describes the toxicologic pathology of nanoparticulates, the tools which can help toxicologic pathologist evaluate nanoparticulate studies, and emphasizes unique features occurring in nanoscale dimensions. Nanoparticulates are particulates with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. The number and complexity of nanoparticulates is rapidly increasing due to improvements in nanotechnology, the technology that allows engineering in the nanoscale, often from the atom up. Recently, nanotechnology has expanded to include medical products and the new products of nanomedicine include nanopharmaceuticals. Nanotoxicology, the study of the toxic effects of the new products of nanotechnology, lags far behind developments in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. Even fewer studies have investigated the toxicologic pathology of the products of nanotechnology. Nanoparticulates are generally more toxic on a mass basis than larger particles with the same composition. Nanoscaling of particulates increases surface area and thereby increases the dissolution rate of soluble particulates and increases inflammation associated with poorly soluble particulates. Nanosizing also facilitates movement between tissues and across intracellular barriers. In particular, nanoscaling can enable extracellular transport in lymphatics, neuronal transport, and use of endocytic pathways for cell entry and intracellular transport. Some NPs are similar in size and shape to subcellular structures, permitting critical interactions with these subcellular structures that are not possible with larger particulates. However, some of these unique features can be harnessed for new therapeutic and diagnostic products that allow targeted drug delivery and advanced imaging. Toxicologic pathologists will increasing evaluate the safety of these new products of nanotechnology. An understanding of the toxicologic pathology of nanoparticulates plays a critical role in the safe development of nanotechnology. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biopharmaceutics Occupational Health Particulate Matter Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Additive Manufacturing Genotoxicity Lymphatic System Medical Treatment Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Nanotoxicology Particulates Pharmaceuticals Toxic Effects Toxicopathology

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• ISBN:
  9780443161537
• Publisher:
  Academic Press
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20068043
• Citation:
  Haschek and Rousseaux's handbook of toxicologic pathology, fourth edition. Volume III: environmental toxicologic pathology and selected toxicant classes. Haschek WM, Rousseaux CG, Wallig MA, Bolon B, eds. London: Academic Press, 2023 Feb; 3:797-838
• Editor(s):
  Haschek WM; Rousseaux CG; Wallig MA; Bolon B
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2023
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Haschek and Rousseaux's handbook of toxicologic pathology, fourth edition. Volume III: environmental toxicologic pathology and selected toxicant classes
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e921ef51b88c94d6246d83187728f0dd20c8eb0ba9cdc23b4976364a13b7e029507cd8e61cb2761e75948b3836fa2d77700d4a70ff6809dbad4f303ff7c388bb
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/230264/cdc_230264_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 7.13 MB ]